Table 1 Characteristics of patients on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and non-HFOV before and after genetic matching (GM)
|  | Original cohort (n = 328) | Cohort from Genetic matching (n = 236) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-HFOV (n = 206) | HFOV (n = 122) | p value | SD | Non-HFOV (n = 118) | HFOV (n = 118) | p value | SD | |
Female gender [n (%)] | 91 (44.2) | 66 (54.1) | 0.10 | 0.20 | 57 (48.3) | 63 (53.4) | 0.52 | 0.10 |
Age, years (median [IQR]) | 1.8 [0.5, 6.3] | 2.2 [0.8, 5.3) | 0.23 | 0.01 | 1.9 [0.6, 5.3] | 2.3 [0.8, 5.5] | 0.25 | 0.07 |
PIM 2 (median [IQR]) | 8.4 [4.1, 16.8] | 8.2 [4.7, 27.6] | 0.23 | 0.17 | 9.4 [5.4, 22.4] | 8.0 [4.7, 27.6] | 0.76 | 0.14 |
PELOD (median [IQR]) | 7.5 [1.0, 12.0] | 10.0 [1.0, 15.8] | 0.30 | 0.14 | 11.0 [1.0, 13.8] | 10.0 [1.2, 16.0] | 0.78 | 0.13 |
Bacteraemia [n (%)] | 32 (15.5) | 22 (18.0) | 0.66 | 0.07 | 26 (22) | 21 (17.8) | 0.51 | 0.11 |
MODS [n (%)] | 82 (39.8) | 56 (45.9) | 0.33 | 0.12 | 59 (50) | 54 (45.8) | 0.60 | 0.08 |
Comorbidity [n (%)] | 93 (45.1) | 69 (56.6) | 0.05 | 0.23 | 68 (57.6) | 66 (55.9) | 0.90 | 0.03 |
Risk factors for PARDS | ||||||||
 Pneumonia [n (%)] | 164 (79.6) | 105 (86.1) | 0.19 | 0.17 | 94 (79.7) | 102 (86.4) | 0.22 | 0.18 |
 Sepsis [n (%)] | 61 (29.6) | 33 (27.1) | 0.71 | 0.06 | 43 (36.4) | 32 (27.1) | 0.16 | 0.20 |
 Aspiration [n (%)] | 10 (4.9) | 4 (3.3) | 0.69 | 0.08 | 6 (5.1) | 4 (3.4) | 0.75 | 0.08 |
 Transfusion [n (%)] | 2 (1.0) | 3 (2.5) | 0.36 | 0.11 | 0 (0) | 3 (2.5) | 0.25 | 0.23 |
 Trauma [n (%)] | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | < 0.01 |
 Drowning [n (%)] | 9 (4.4) | 3 (2.5) | 0.55 | 0.11 | 2 (1.7) | 3 (2.5) | 1.00 | 0.06 |
 Oxygenation index * [n (%)] |  | < 0.001 | 1.15 |  |  | 0.89 | 0.10 | |
 Mild (4 ≤ OI < 8) | 85 (41.3) | 10 (8.2) |  |  | 13 (11.0) | 10 (8.5) |  |  |
 Moderate (8 ≤ OI < 16) | 58 (28.2) | 35 (28.7) |  |  | 35 (29.7) | 35 (29.7) |  |  |
 Severe (OI ≥ 16) | 39 (18.9) | 74 (60.7) |  |  | 68 (57.6)# | 70 (59.3) |  |  |