Table 1 Demographic and baseline clinical variables in the three treatment arms

Mean [IQR] Age (years) (min, max)

40 [24 to 50] (18, 66)

44 [27 to 53] (15, 63)

48 [36 to 62] (23, 77)

Mean [IQR] Methadone dose (mg)* (min, max)

100 [50 to 200](20, 350)

150 [79 to 325] (40, 1400)

100 [40 to 175] (25, 800)

Formulation: syrup

18 (67%)

19 (70%)

23 (85%)

Tablet

5 (19%)

6 (22%)

3 (11%)

Unknown

4 (15%)

2 (8%)

1 (4%)

Mean [IQR] Glasgow coma score (min, max)

14 [12 to 15] (6, 15)

15 [13 to 15] (10, 15)

13 [11 to 15] (8, 15)

Mean [IQR] Respiratory rate (min, max)

12 [8 to 16] (6, 30)

15 [14 to 18] (6, 25)

15 [10 to 16] (7, 22)

Mean [IQR] Initial naloxone dose (min, max)(n = 16, 19, 18)

1.0 [0.8 to 2.3] (0.4, 4.8)

0.8 [0.8 to 1.2] (0.4, 2.4)

1 [0.7 to 2] (0.4, 2)

Mean [IQR] Time to admission (h)* (min, max)

9 [5 to 12] (2, 24)

12 [7 to 20] (2, 72)

5 [5 to 12] (2, 24)

Mean [IQR] Initial pH (min, max)

7.3 [7.2 to 7.3] (7.1, 7.5)

7.3 [7.2 to 7.3] (7.1, 7.4)

7.3 [7.2 to 7.3] (7.1, 7.4)

Mean [IQR] Initial pCO₂ (mmHg) (min, max)

56 [46 to 62] (16, 75)

57 [51 to 65] (45, 79)

62 [52 to 68] (20, 88)