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Table 1 Cohort characteristics and secondary outcomes

From: Variability in usual care fluid resuscitation and risk-adjusted outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients in shock

 

w/ FRF

w/o FRF

Less-than-expected*

Expected†

Greater-than-expected‡

All

Count, no. (%)

16,805 (49.7)

17,026 (50.3)

8502 (25.1)

18,379 (54.3)

6950 (20.5)

33,831

Count with shock, no. (%)

7967 (47.4)

7003 (41.1)

5033 (59.2)

6284 (34.2)

3653 (52.6)

14,970 (44.2)

Age, mean ± SD, years

66.6 ± 14.2

54.8 ± 18.8

59.6 ± 17.8

61.3 ± 17.6

60.5 ± 17.6

60.7 ± 17.7

Male gender, %

50.6

54.5

55.0

50.9

54.1

52.6

Race, %

 White

63.6

65.6

63.6

65.6

63.2

64.6

 Black

18.7

14.8

16.8

17.0

16.0

16.8

 Other

17.7

19.6

19.6

17.4

20.7

18.7

Comorbidities§, %

 Diabetes

41.2

22.5

30.5

32.1

32.6

31.8

 CHF

57.3

0.0

25.3

30.3

27.4

28.5

 Chronic pulmonary disease

15.9

11.4

13.9

13.6

13.4

13.7

 Cerebrovascular disease

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

 Dementia

1.1

0.8

1.0

1.0

0.9

1.0

 Non-metastatic neoplasm

6.1

7.0

7.0

6.0

7.3

6.5

 Metastatic neoplasm

2.4

3.6

3.3

2.8

3.0

3.0

 Para and quadriplegia

2.4

2.6

2.0

2.9

2.1

2.5

 Peripheral vascular disease

8.8

2.9

5.8

6.0

5.6

5.9

 Rheumatic disease

3.3

2.1

2.6

2.8

2.6

2.7

 Chronic renal disease

39.9

2.5

20.7

21.4

20.7

21.1

 Mild liver disease

3.6

5.5

5.0

3.8

5.8

4.5

 Major liver disease

2.5

4.9

4.1

2.9

5.4

3.7

Admission organ dysfunctions§, %

 Respiratory

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

 Hematologic

11.8

11.9

15.5

9.3

14.1

11.9

 CNS

25.7

24.6

27.9

23.1

27.0

25.1

 Cardiac

47.4

41.1

59.2

34.2

52.6

44.2

 Renal

38.8

28.5

41.3

28.0

39.1

33.6

 Hepatic

4.6

4.8

6.6

3.4

5.9

4.7

 Average per case, no.

2.3

2.1

2.5

2.0

2.4

2.2

Secondary outcomes

 Hospital LOS

7 (4–12)

4 (2–9)

5 (2–10)

6 (3–10)

6 (2–11)

6 (2–10)

 ICU LOS

4 (2–7)

2 (1–5)

3 (1–6)

3 (2–6)

3 (2–7)

3 (2–6)

 Length of MV

3 (2–7)

2 (2–5)

3 (2–6)

3 (2–5)

3 (2–6)

3 (2–6)

 Cost in thousands, $

18.5 (10.8–32.2)

12.7 (7.2–24.0)

15.0 (7.9–27.9)

15.0 (8.5–26.7)

17.9 (9.8–32.7)

15.5 (8.6–28.2)

  1. FRF fluid reductive factor, LOS length of stay in days, MV mechanical ventilation
  2. *Less-than-expected = difference between observed and predicted day 1 fluids is less than − 1.5 L
  3. †Expected = difference between observed and predicted day 1 fluids is between − 1.5 and 1.5 L
  4. ‡Greater-than-expected = difference between observed and predicted day 1 fluids is more than 1.5 L
  5. §Patients may have one or more comorbidities or admission organ dysfunctions. Comorbidities selected from the Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index. Admission organ dysfunctions and respective definition codes adapted from Angus et al. [9]
  6. Secondary outcomes are presented as median (IQR)
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