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Table 3 Descriptive analysis of the investigated patients

From: Protective reactive thymus hyperplasia in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome

Thymus enlargement

Control (n = 37)

COVID (n = 50)

All (n = 37)

0 (n = 28)

A (n = 4)

B (n = 5)

All (n = 50)

0 (n = 17)

A (n = 14)

B (n = 19)

Demographics

 Sex ratio (M)

27 (73)

21 (75)

3 (75)

3 (60)

37 (74)

11 (65)

12 (86)

14 (74)

 Age (years)

66.8 ± 14.4

64.3 ± 13.9

79.5 ± 13.1

71.2 ± 13.8

63.2 ± 16.5

75.4 ± 12.6

59.3 ± 12.7

55.3 ± 16.2***

 BMI (kg/m2)

25.3 ± 4.1

25.7 [22.5–27.5]

27.1 [23.5–30.4]

23.3 [20.7–32.5]

28.8 ± 6.4

26.8 [25.0–30.3]

26.7 [24.2–29.8]

29.3 [26.0–35.7]

Medical history

 Hypertension

16 (43)

13 (46)

1 (25)

2 (40)

26 (52)

13 (76)

5 (36)

8 (42)*

 Diabetes

3(8))

3 (11)

1 (20)

11 (22)

3 (18)

3 (21)

5 (26)

 COPB

6 (14)

4 (14)

1 (25)

1 (20)

7 (14)

5 (29)

1 (7)

1 (5)

 Renal failure

3 (11)

3 (11)

1 (25)

11 (22)

9 (53)

1 (7)

1 (5)**

 Cancer

6 (16)

6 (21)

1 (25)

3 (60)

5 (10)

2 (12)

1 (7)

2 (11)

 Smoking status

  Never

28 (76)

21 (75)

3 (75)

4 (80)

40 (80)

14 (82)

11 (79)

15 (79)

  Former

3 (8)

3 (11)

9 (18)

3 (18)

3 (21)

3 (16)

  Current

6 (16)

4 (14)

1 (25)

1 (20)

1 (2)

1 (5)

Biological data at admission

 Haemoglobin (g/L)

11.8 ± 2.6

12.0 ± 2.8

12.0 ± 1.9

10.2 ± 1.6

11.8 ± 2.0

11.1 ± 2.1

13.1 ± 1.7

11.5 ± 1.7

 Leukocytes (× 109/L

9.4 ± 3.6

8.7 [7.1–10.0]

11.0 [9.3–13.4]

8.1 [7.4–12.7]

7.5 ± 4.0

5.6 [3.9–8.9]

6.9 [5.4–8.1]

8.5 [5.1–10.1]

 Lymphocytes (× 109/L)

1.6 ± 1.4

1.2 [0.8–1.7]

1.3 [0.9–2.4]

1.1 [0.4–5.2]

0.6 ± 1.0

0.6 [0.5–1.5]

0.8 [0.7–1.0]

1.0 [0.5–1.5]

 Monocytes (× 109/L)

0.8 ± 0.4

0.8 [0.5–1.0]

0.9 [0.7–1.2]

0.5 [0.3–0.9]

0.6 ± 0.3

0.5 [0.3–0.9]

0.5 [0.3–0.7]

0.7 [0.3–0.9]

 Lymphocytes (%)

17.4 ± 11.8

14.3 [9.8–23.2]

10.3 [9.5–21.8]

16.7 [4.3–40.7]

15.0 ± 8.5

15.0 [7.1–24.9]

12.2 [10.1–18.0]

13.1 [7.2–19.6]

 Monocytes (%)

8.6 ± 3.0

9.1 [7.2–10.8]

8.6 [6.0–10.4]

5.9 [2.5–11.3]

9.9 ± 9.0

10.0 [7.3–11.4]

8.2 [5.8–9.1]

7.6 [5.5–10.7]

 Fibrinogen (g/L)

4.9 ± 2.1

5.1 [2.7–6.0]

6.2 [5.9–6.5]

4.6 [2.0–7.1]

6.5 ± 1.9

4.8 [4.3–10.0]

5.9 [5.8–7.0]

6.9 [5.8–7.3]

 D-dimer (ng/mL)

2217 ± 2016

1527 [1213–4240]

816 [521–1111]

2705

2900 ± 6500

1092 [814–1813]

1066 [878–2250]

1256 [825–2040]

 CRP (mg/L)

57 ± 88

21 [2–67]

55 [19–79]

44 [11–113]

131 ± 104

128 [62–218]

115 [64–180]

86 [33–220]

Clinical data

 SAPS score

25 [20–38]

22 [19–30]

37 [32–50]

41 [21–59]

29 [24–36]

30 [24–36]

33 [25–39]

27 [18–32]

 Mechanical ventilation

16 (43)

12 (43)

4 (80)

20 (40)

6 (35)

5 (36)

9 (45)

 Length of stay (days)

14 ± 12

14 ± 12

4 ± 3

16 ± 14

12 ± 12

12 ± 12

17 ± 13

14 ± 10

 Mech. ventilation (days)

0.7 ± 2.2

0.7 ± 2.2

1.8 ± 2.4

11.1 ± 3.2

11.1 ± 3.2

15.4 ± 3.8

5.2 ± 2.8

 Secondary pneumopathy

6 (12)

2 (12)

2 (14)

2 (11)

Deceased

3 (8)

3 (11)

9 (18)

7 (41)

1 (7)

1 (5)**

  1. BMI, body mass index; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein. Mechanical ventilation indicates ventilation with orotracheal intubation. Secondary pneumopathy was defined as impaired ventilation and purulent aspiration with positive culture of endotracheal aspirate ≥ 105 CFU/ml
  2. *, **, ***p < 0.05, 0.001, 0.0001, respectively. Due to Bonferroni’s correction, significance was reached when p < 0.003