Table 1 Clinical characteristic of patients with COVID-19 in the corticosteroid therapy and no corticosteroid therapy groups
From: Corticosteroid therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective study
|  | Total, n = 294 | Corticosteroids, n = 183 | No corticosteroids, n = 111 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 66 (56–75) | 65 (56, 73) | 67 (56, 78.5) | 0.14 |
Male Sex | 197 (67%) | 151 (68%) | 73 (66%) | 0.91 |
Comorbidity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension | 134 (46%) | 82 (45%) | 52 (47%) | 0.83 |
 Diabetes | 80 (27%) | 53 (29%) | 27 (24%) | 0.47 |
 Heart disease | 68 (23%) | 40 (22%) | 28 (25%) | 0.6 |
 Chronic lung disease | 36 (12%) | 28 (15%) | 8 (7%) | 0.062 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 31 (11%) | 15 (8%) | 16 (14%) | 0.14 |
 Immunosuppression | 14 (5%) | 7 (3%) | 7 (10%) | 0.047 |
PEEP,cmH2O | 9 (6, 10) | 8 (6, 10) | 10 (6, 11) | 0.56 |
PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 138 (86.5–204) | 119.5 (80, 181.5) | 176 (108, 260) | < 0.001 |
Platequ pressure, cmH2O | 25 (21–26) | 25 (22.5, 28) | 25 (21, 26) | 0.057 |
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 90 (80–97) | 90 (81, 97) | 90 (80, 97) | 0.7 |
Creatinine, μmol/L | 76 (61.7–101.2) | 76.35 (63.7, 100.8) | 72.65 (56.3, 103.4) | 0.24 |
Elevated TnI, | 95 (41%) | 52 (35%) | 43 (51%) | 0.024 |
Bilirubin, μmol/L | 22.2 (13.2–24) | 23 (14.72, 24) | 21 (10.9, 24) | 0.028 |
Platelet count, × 109/L | 158 (114–207.3) | 154 (113, 197.3) | 168.1 (118.3, 229.8) | 0.1 |
Lymphocyte percentage, % | 6.2 (2.6–11.3) | 5.4 (2.1, 10.11) | 7.2 (3.8, 15.3) | 0.006 |
APACHEII score | 14.5 (11, 18) | 15 (11, 18) | 13 (11, 17) | 0.35 |
SOFA score | 4 (3–5.75) | 4 (3, 6) | 3 (2, 5) | 0.005 |
Complication | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Shock | 121 (42%) | 83 (46%) | 38 (35%) | 0.076 |
 ARDS | 214 (74%) | 146 (81) | 68 (62%) | < 0.001 |
 AKI | 90 (31%) | 61 (34%) | 29 (26%) | 0.24 |
 Secondary infection, | 44 (15%) | 34 (19%) | 10 (9%) | 0.039 |
Respiratory support received | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mechanical ventilation | 230 (78.2%) | 148 (80.8%) | 82 (73.9%) | 0.031 |
 Prone | 46 (16%) | 31 (17%) | 15 (14%) | 0.56 |
 ECMO | 21 (7%) | 17 (9%) | 4 (4%) | 0.1 |
 Tracheotomy | 23 (8%) | 13 (7%) | 10 (9%) | 0.72 |
 Requirement of CRRT | 40 (14%) | 26 (14%) | 14 (13%) | 0.83 |
Symptom onset to hospital admission, day | 7(4–10) | 7(4–10) | 7 (3–14) | 0.13 |
Symptom onset to ICU admission, day | 11 (7–17) | 11 (7.5, 16) | 11 (6.5, 21) | 0.91 |
Duration of ventilation, day | 7 (0, 13) | 8 (2, 15) | 3 (0, 10) | < 0.001 |
ICU length of stay, day | 13 (7–22) | 13.5(8–23) | 13 (5–20) | 0.57 |
Hospital length of stay, day | 20 (12–32) | 21 (12.5–33) | 17.5 (21–31) | 0.34 |
90-day mortality | 146 (50%) | 97 (53%) | 49 (44%) | 0.18 |
Time to RNA clearance among 90-day survivors, day | 9 (3–17) | 10 (5, 17.5) | 7 (1, 15) | 0.049 |