Table 2 BAL fluid-to-serum concentration ratios of cytokines and epithelial/endothelial injury biomarkers in pneumonia-associated ARDS patients who survived (n = 55) to hospital discharge or not (n = 15)

TNF-α

1.78 [1.34–3.48]

2.17 [1.01–4.41]

0.96 [0.82–1.12]

0.612

–

IL-10

1.59 [1.13–2.39]

1.08 [0.75–0.55]

0.31 [0.11–0.87]

0.014

0.39 [0.14–1.09]

0.060

IFN-γ

1.53 [1.33–1.93]

1.39 [1.16–1.81]

0.78 [0.37–1.64]

0.310

–

IP-10 CXCL10

4.52 [1.73–9.52]

2.16 [0.76–4.97]

0.92 [0.81–1.04]

0.073

–

IL-17a

1.16 [1.05–1.29]

1.14 [1.07–1.21]

0.81 [0.40–1.65]

0.843

–

IL-8 CXCL8

20.96 [9.07–43.21]

11.57 [7.70–24.03]

0.97 [0.93–1.01]

0.163

–

IL-6

3.48 [1.10–10.16]

1.36 [0.61–4.72]

0.95 [0.86–1.04]

0.099

–

Il1-Ra

1.03 [0.55–1.82]

0.50 [0.29–0.72]

0.15 [0.03–0.72]

0.006

0.18 [0.04–0.88]

0.036

IL-13

0.61 [0.38–0.82]

0.57 [0.13–1.27]

0.83 [0.28–2.47]

0.805

–

SP-D

4.83 [2.57–8.55]

4.87 [1.42–6.50]

0.94 [0.82–1.07]

0.303

–

GMCSF

1.60 [1.17–2.06]

1.50 [1.14–2.45]

1.33 [0.74–2.39]

0.899

–

Amphiregulin

1.48 [1.18–2.14]

1.13 [0.92–1.45]

0.31 [0.07–1.37]

0.037

0.44 [0.13–1.49]

0.129

IL12-23p40

1.34 [1.16–1.59]

1.15 [1.02–1.42]

0.64 [0.18–2.25]

0.130

–

Ang2

0.04 [0.02–0.12]

0.01 [0.00–0.01]

0.01 [0.00–31.68]

0.274

–

Ang1

0.01 [0.00–0.01]

0.01 [0.00–0.08]

387 [0–575 769]

0.763

–

ICAM1

0.44 [0.10–1.03]

0.23 [0.12–0.54]

0.22 [0.04–1.19]

0.079

–

vWF

0.38 [0.17–0.44]

0.19 [0.14–0.31]

0.04 [0.00–4.43]

0.100

–

RAGE

2.36 [1.25–3.85]

1.30 [0.64–2.00]

0.58 [0.34–0.98]

0.021

0.59 [0.34–1.04]

0.052

VEGF

0.17 [0.07–0.74]

0.33 [0.19–1.72]

0.99 [0.91–1.07]

0.223

–

IL-7

0.48 [0.35–0.62]

0.41 [0.30–0.72]

0.76 [0.03–18.06]

0.645

–

RANTES

0.02 [0.01–0.05]

0.06 [0.01–0.24]

235 [1–66, 569]

0.178

–

SerpinE1

2.42 [0.51–4.56]

1.60 [0.29–5.66]

1.03 [0.85–1.25]

0.564

–