Alveolar compartmentalization of inflammatory and immune cell biomarkers in pneumonia-related ARDS

Bendib, Inès; Beldi-Ferchiou, Asma; Schlemmer, Frédéric; Surenaud, Mathieu; Maitre, Bernard; Plonquet, Anne; Carteaux, Guillaume; Razazi, Keyvan; Godot, Veronique; Hüe, Sophie; Mekontso Dessap, Armand; de Prost, Nicolas

doi:10.1186/s13054-020-03427-y

Critical Care

Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of patients with pneumonia-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 70) who survived (n = 55) to hospital discharge or not (n = 15)

From: Alveolar compartmentalization of inflammatory and immune cell biomarkers in pneumonia-related ARDS

Variables	Available data	Survived N = 55	Died N = 15	p value
Demographics and comorbidities
Age	70	59 [51–69]	70 [57–79]	0.197
Gender, male	70	38 (69)	12 (80)	0.407
BMI, kg/cm²	70	27.3 [23.7–31.8]	26.4 [23.7–28.0]	0.440
Diabetes mellitus	70	16 (29)	3 (20)	0.483
COPD	70	10 (18)	3 (20)	0.872
Chronic heart failure	70	10 (18)	3 (20)	0.872
Liver cirrhosis	70	3 (5)	0 (0)	0.355
Smoker	70	24 (44)	8 (53)	0.504
Patients characteristics upon ICU admission
SOFA	70	9 [7–10]	12 [5–14]	0.142
SAPS II	70	43 [31–55]	53 [41–62]	0.165
Admission-intubation^a, days	70	0.0 [0.0–1.0]	0.0 [0.0–1.0]	0.961
Number of ARDS risk factors	70	1 [1–2]	1 [1–1]	0.239
Temperature	70	38.5 [38.0–39.1]	38.2 [37.5–39.5]	0.492
ARDS severity (Berlin)	70			0.719
Mild		2 (4)	0 (0)
Moderate		20 (36)	5 (33)
Severe		33 (60)	10 (67)
Driving pressure, cmH₂O	70	14 12–17]	16 [13–20]	0.240
Crs, mL/cmH₂O	70	26 [23–34]	28 [21–33]	0.901
Lung injury score	70	2.5 [2.2–3.0]	2.2 [2.0–2.7]	0.418
PEEP, cmH₂O	70	10 [6–12]	8 [5–10]	0.162
Tidal volume, mL/kg of PBW	70	6.1 [5.8–6.5]	6.3 [6.0–6.9]	0.642
PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, mmHg	70	92 [73–139]	91 [73–188]	0.858
PaCO₂, mmHg	70	46 [40–51]	50 [33–59]	0.858
pH	70	7.34 [7.27–7.42]	7.30 [7.25–7.39]	0.261
Arterial blood lactates, mM	70	1.5 [1.0–2.5]	1.9 [1.0–3.7]	0.410
Creatinine, µmol/L	70	85 [68–149]	130 [81–234]	0.119
Bilirubin, µmol/L	70	11 [6–18]	19 [12–58]	0.008
Prothrombin time, %	70	76 [64–84]	60 [42–74]	0.018
WBC counts, 10³/mm³	70	11.7 [8.0–19.5]	13.8 [8.3–18.6]	0.949
Neuromuscular blockers	70	40 (73)	12 (80)	0.568
Prone position	70	20 (36)	3 (20)	0.232
ECMO	70	2 (4)	1 (7)	0.607
Shock^b	70	14 (25)	7 (47)	0.112
Patients characteristics upon BAL 1 sampling
SOFA	70	8 [6–10]	11 [7–13]	0.083
Intubation-BAL 1 ^c, days	70	1.0 [1.0–1.0]	1.0 [1.0–1.0]	0.868
BAL cells, 10³/mL	70	415 [224–962]	565 [250–1700]	0.657
BAL macrophages, %	70	25 [12–49]	26 [8–51]	0.775
BAL lymphocytes, %	70	3 [1–6]	5 [1–9]	0.530
BAL neutrophils, %	70	69 [38–83]	72 [38–90]	0.616
Driving pressure, cmH₂O	70	12 [10–14]	15 [12–17]	0.030
Crs, mL/cmH₂O	70	33 [26–42]	32 [22–40]	0.371
Lung injury score	70	2.5 [2.2–3.0]	2.2 [2.0–2.7]	0.418
PEEP, cmH₂O	70	10 [8–14]	8 [5–10]	0.018
Tidal volume, mL/kg of PBW	70	6.1 [5.8–6.5]	6.1 [5.8–6.3]	0.647
PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, mmHg	70	168 [116–241]	138 [117–238]	0.457
PaCO₂, mmHg	70	44 [38–47]	42 [38–57]	0.931
pH	70	7.39 [7.32–7.44]	7.35 [7.26–7.40]	0.127
Arterial blood lactates, mM	70	1.3 [0.8–2.0]	1.5 [1.2–2.7]	0.175
Creatinine, µmol/L	70	91 [65–166]	179 [91–255]	0.009
Bilirubin, µmol/L	70	11 [7–19]	21 [11–48]	0.029
Prothrombin time, %	70	73 [61–80]	51 [40–66]	0.007
Platelets, 10³/mm³	70	198 [149–268]	189 [130–238]	0.229
WBC counts, 10³/mm³	70	10.7 [8.6–19.7]	15.5 [10.3–20.6]	0.383
Lymphocytes, 10³/mm³	62	0.8 [0.6–1.2]	1.0 [0.6–2.1]	0.366
Monocytes, 10³/mm³	62	0.5 [0.3–1.0]	0.5 [0.2–1.4]	0.908
Neutrophils, 10³/mm³	62	9.1 [7.0–17.1]	13.2 [9.8–15.3]	0.539
Neuromuscular blockers	70	36 (65)	11 (73)	0.565
Prone position	70	22 (40)	3 (20)	0.152
ECMO	70	3 (5)	3 (20)	0.074
Shock^c	70	12 (22)	7 (47)	0.055
Outcomes
VAP	70	17 (31)	5 (33)	> 0.99
Viral reactivation	70	9 (16)	5 (33)	0.161
CMV		2 (4)	1 (7)	0.521
HSV		7 (13)	4 (29)	0.215
Shock dose steroids	70	17 (31)	7 (47)	0.254
Shock^d	70	39 (71)	9 (60)	0.420
Renal replacement therapy	70	14 (25)	9 (60)	0.012
ECMO	70	4 (7)	4 (27)	0.058
MV duration, days	70	8 [5–20]	9 [4–30]	0.662
MV free days at day 28, days	70	20 [11–23]	0 [0–0]	< 0.0001
ICU length of stay, days	70	16 [9–25]	10 [5–33]	0.226
Hospital length of stay, days	70	24 [13–51]	10 [5–50]	0.075
ICU mortality	70	0 (0)	13 (87)	< 0.0001

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, BAL bronchoalveolar lavage, BMI body mass index, CMV cytomegalovirus; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crs compliance of the respiratory system, VAP ventilator-acquired pneumonia, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, HSV Herpes simplex virus, ICU intensive care unit, MV mechanical ventilation, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, PBW predicted body weight, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, SAPS II simplified acute physiology score II, WBC white blood cell
Bolded p values are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
p values come from the Mann–Whitney test; categorical variables are shown as n (%); p values come from the Chi² or the Fisher exact test, as appropriate
^aTime elapsed between ICU admission and tracheal intubation
^bAs defined by the Sepsis 3 definition
^cTime elapsed between tracheal intubation and sampling of the first bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL 1)
^dAs defined by the Sepsis 3 definition; continuous variables are presented as median [1^st-3^rd quartiles]

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