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Table 2 Clinical outcomes in the high flow nasal therapy (HFNT) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) groups

From: High flow nasal therapy versus noninvasive ventilation as initial ventilatory strategy in COPD exacerbation: a multicenter non-inferiority randomized trial

 

HFNT group

NIV group

p value

N

40

39

 

Treatment changes from baseline to 2 h, n (%)

   

 Switching to NIV or HFNT

6 (15)

1 (2.6)

0.1084

 IMV

0 (0

1 (2.6)

0.4937

 No treatment change

34 (85)

37 (94.9)

0.2633

Treatment changes from baseline to 6 h, n (%)

   

 Switch to NIV or HFNT

13 (32.5)

3 (7.7)

0.0061

 Switch to IMV

1 (2.5)

1 (2.6)

1.0000

 Switch to no support

2 (5)

6 (15.4)

0.1543

 No treatment change

24 (60)

29 (74.4)

0.1745

Poor treatment tolerance/intolerance from baseline to 6 hoursa, n (%)

   

 In patients switching to NIV or HFNT or IMV

5 (35.7)

3 (75)

0.2745

 In patients switching to no support or with no treatment change

9 (34.6)

26 (74.3)

0.0019

Discomfort, median [IQR]

   

 At 2 ha

1 [0–2]

3 [1–5]

0.0010

 At 6 hb

0 [0–2]

2 [1–4]

0.0003

Borg dyspnea score, mean ± SD

   

 At 2 ha

3 ± 2

3 ± 2

0.2509

 At 6 hb

5 ± 2

5 ± 2

0.4865

No improvement of Borg dyspnea score at 6 h, n (%)

6 (15)

6 (15.4)

0.9620

Respiratory rate (per min), mean ± SD

   

 At 2 hb

22 ± 5

22 ± 4

0.5789

 At 6 hc

20 ± 4

21 ± 4

0.5573

PaCO2 worsening or reduction < 10 mmHg after 6 h, n (%)

23 (57.5)

14 (35.9)

0.0544

IMV during hospitalizationd

   

 Subjects, n (%)

2 (5)

1 (2.6)

1.0000

 Length of IMV (hours), median [IQR]

123

[45.5–200]

166

[166–166]

1.0000

NIV during hospitalization

   

 Subjects, n (%)

23 (57.5)

39 (100.0)

 < .0001

 Length of NIV (hours), median [IQR]

70

[14–142]

48

[18–75]

0.3007

Length of hospital stay (days), median [IQR]

   

 All patients

10 [9–19]

13 [9–16]

0.6579

 Survivors at hospital discharge

10 [9–19]

13 [9–16]

0.5510

 Dead at hospital discharge

16 [9–22]

15 [3–19]

0.6150

In-hospital mortality, n (%)

2 (5)

6 (15.4)

0.1543

  1. HFNT high flow nasal therapy, IQR interquartile range [first and third quartile], IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, NIV noninvasive ventilation
  2. aPoor tolerance was defined as patient-reported complaint to the assigned treatment that did not cause treatment interruption. Intolerance was defined as patient-reported complaint that compromised the pursuit of the treatment (i.e., subject refusal)
  3. bOutcome evaluated on patients still receiving the assigned treatment at 2 h (34 HFNT, 37 NIV)
  4. cOutcome evaluated on patients still receiving the assigned treatment at 6 h (24 HFNT, 29 NIV)
  5. dIMV during hospitalization was calculated from baseline from hospital discharge or death
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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535