Table 3 Comparison of characteristics between the survivor and in-hospital death subgroups in the derivation group
Survivor (n = 33,443) | In-hospital death (n = 909) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age (years) | |||
< 40, n (%) | 14,373 (43.0) | 59 (6.5) | < 0.001 |
40–59, n (%) | 11,732 (35.1) | 229 (25.2) | |
60–69, n (%) | 3139 (9.4) | 149 (16.4) | |
70–74, n (%) | 1438 (4.3) | 154 (16.9) | |
75–79, n (%) | 1374 (4.1) | 141 (15.5) | |
≥ 80, n (%) | 1387 (4.1) | 177 (19.5) | |
Sex | |||
Male: female (%) | 14,892(44.5): 18,551(55.5) | 622(68.4): 287(31.6) | < 0.001 |
Poisoning-related factors | |||
Time from exposure to presentation (h) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | 0.557 |
Intent of poisoning | < 0.001 | ||
Unintentional, n (%) | 12,629 (37.8) | 109 (12.0) | |
Intentional, n (%) | 20,403 (61.0) | 755 (83.1) | |
Unknown, n (%) | 411 (1.2) | 45 (5.0) | |
Route of poisoning | < 0.001 | ||
Dermal, ocular, or contact, n (%) | 344 (0.8) | 2 (0.2) | |
Oral ingestion, n (%) | 26,664 (79.7) | 867 (95.4) | |
Inhalation, n (%) | 6435 (19.2) | 40 (4.4) | |
Category of substances | < 0.001 | ||
A, n (%) | 12,609 (37.7) | 41 (4.5) | |
B, n (%) | 3763 (11.3) | 36 (4.0) | |
C, n (%) | 1530 (4.6) | 12 (1.3) | |
D, n (%) | 7153 (21.4) | 372 (40.9) | |
E, n (%) | 584 (1.7) | 90 (9.9) | |
F, n (%) | 283 (0.8) | 313 (34.4) | |
G, n (%) | 6123 (18.3) | 37 (4.1) | |
H, n (%) | 1398 (4.2) | 8 (0.9) | |
Initial vital signs at emergency department | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | < 0.001 | ||
≥ 100, n (%) | 29,837 (89.2) | 681 (74.9) | |
70–99, n (%) | 3418 (10.2) | 159 (17.5) | |
≤ 69, n (%) | 188 (0.6) | 69 (7.6) | |
Heart rate (beat/min.) | < 0.001 | ||
70–119, n (%) | 26,517 (79.3) | 668 (73.5) | |
30–69, n (%) | 3913 (11.7) | 119 (13.1) | |
120–159, n (%) | 2867 (8.6) | 107 (11.8) | |
≥ 160, n (%) | 146 (0.4) | 15 (1.7) | |
Respiration rate (breath/min.) | < 0.001 | ||
12–24, n (%) | 31,193 (93.3) | 747 (82.2) | |
≤ 11 or ≥ 25, n (%) | 2250 (6.7) | 162 (17.8) | |
Body temperature (℃) | 0.004 | ||
< 39, n (%) | 33,374 (99.8) | 902 (99.2) | |
≥ 39, n (%) | 69 (0.2) | 7 (0.8) | |
Mental status, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Alert | 24,066 (72.0) | 382 (42.0) | |
Verbal response | 5491 (16.4) | 177 (19.5) | |
Pain response | 3420 (10.2) | 226 (24.9) | |
Unresponse | 466 (1.4) | 124 (13.6) | |