Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients
From: Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in ARDS patients with and without ECMO
Characteristic | Higher-threshold group (N = 96) | Lower-threshold group (N = 96) | P value | SMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 52.0 (37.8–61.0) | 51.0 (38.0–61.0) | 0.85 | 0.040 |
Male sex, n (%) | 59 (61.5) | 68 (70.8) | 0.22 | 0.199 |
Body mass index (kg/cm) | 27.3 (24.1–31.2) | 26.3 (23.4–29.7) | 0.27 | 0.152 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 2.0 (0.0–5.0) | 0.99 | 0.076 |
Immunocompromised, n (%) | 22 (22.9) | 22 (22.9) | 0.99 | < 0.001 |
Year of admission, n (%) | < 0.001 | 1.830 | ||
2007–2010 | 41 (42.7) | 9 (9.4) | ||
2011–2014 | 46 (47.9) | 14 (14.6) | ||
2015–2018 | 9 (9.4) | 73 (76.0) | ||
SOFA at ARDS onset | 12.0 (9.0–15.0) | 12.0 (9.0–16.0) | 0.80 | 0.022 |
SAPS II at ARDS onset | 57.5 (38.0–69.2) | 57.0 (41.8–68.0) | 0.74 | 0.030 |
RASS at ARDS onset | − 5.0 (− 5.0 to − 4.0) | − 5.0 (− 5.0 to − 4.4) | 0.49 | < 0.001 |
Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 25 (26.0) | 26 (27.1) | 0.99 | 0.024 |
Pulmonary origin, n (%) | 78 (81.2) | 77 (80.2) | 0.99 | 0.026 |
Mechanical ventilation before admission (days) | 1.0 (0.5–6.5) | 1.5 (1.0–5.8) | 0.59 | 0.004 |
ARDS severity, n (%) | 0.99 | < 0.001 | ||
Mild | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Moderate | 10 (10.4) | 10 (10.4) | ||
Severe | 86 (89.6) | 86 (89.6) | ||
ARDS etiology, n (%) | 0.67 | 0.228 | ||
Pneumonia | 64 (66.7) | 57 (59.4) | ||
Aspiration | 10 (10.4) | 14 (14.6) | ||
Sepsis | 7 (7.3) | 6 (6.2) | ||
Pancreatitis | 2 (2.1) | 5 (5.2) | ||
Other | 13 (13.5) | 14 (14.6) | ||
Rescue therapy | ||||
Inhaled nitric oxide, n (%) | 80 (83.3) | 62 (64.6) | 0.005 | 0.437 |
Prone positioning, n (%) | 72 (75.0) | 67 (69.8) | 0.52 | 0.117 |
Extracorporeal life support, n (%) | 0.85 | 0.132 | ||
No ECLS | 33 (34.4) | 37 (38.5) | ||
ECLA | 9 (9.4) | 6 (6.2) | ||
ECMO | 50 (52.1) | 49 (51.0) | ||
Combined | 4 (4.2) | 4 (4.2) | ||
Ventilation parameters after initial optimization | ||||
PaO2:FiO2 (mmHg) | 129 (93–174) | 130 (100–182) | 0.65 | 0.050 |
Oxygenation index | 17.5 (12.5–26.3) | 17.9 (11.6–26.2) | 0.70 | 0.082 |
PEEP (cm H2O) | 16.0 (14.3–18.3) | 18.0 (14.1–19.8) | 0.23 | 0.035 |
Driving pressure (cm H2O) | 16.0 (12.9–19.2) | 16.0 (13.2–18.1) | 0.87 | 0.009 |
Tidal volume (ml/kg PBW) | 5.5 (3.8–7.1) | 5.8 (4.1–6.9) | 0.83 | 0.096 |
Compliance (ml/cm H2O) | 27 (19.0–36.4) | 30 (20.7–38.2) | 0.41 | 0.028 |
ECMO initiation (ICU day) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.55 | 0.050 |
ECMO pump flow (l/min) | 3.8 (3.0–4.3) | 3.8 (3.2–4.2) | 0.88 | 0.090 |
ECMO sweep gas flow (l/min) | 4.0 (3.0–6.8) | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 0.44 | 0.156 |
Septic shock, n (%) | 53 (55.2) | 47 (50.5) | 0.56 | 0.094 |
Lactate (mg/dl) | 19.0 (13.0–43.5) | 19.0 (11.8–56.8) | 0.95 | 0.007 |
pH | 7.3 (7.2–7.4) | 7.3 (7.2–7.3) | 0.98 | 0.019 |
RRT, n (%) | 60 (62.5) | 63 (65.6) | 0.76 | 0.065 |