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Table 4 Microbiological findings and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics used to treat bacterial pathogens detected in respiratory tract samples, blood cultures and other body sites of patients in a study on therapeutic drug monitoring of ceftazidime, piperacillin, meropenem and linezolid in southwest Germany, October 2018–December 2019

From: Antibiotic therapeutic drug monitoring in intensive care patients treated with different modalities of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and renal replacement therapy: a prospective, observational single-center study

 

Ceftazidime

Piperacillin

Meropenem

Linezolid

Median MIC (IQR)

S ≤ 

R > 

Median MIC (IQR)

S ≤ 

R > 

Median MIC (IQR)

S ≤ 

R > 

Median MIC (IQR)

S ≤ 

R > 

Respiratory tract infection

            

Enterobacterales (n = 27)a

1.5 (1–64)

1

4

8

16

0.25 (0.25–0.25)

2

8

NA

NA

Non-fermenters (n = 15)b

2 (1–3)

8

8

136 (16–256)

16

16

0.25 (0.25–0.25)

2

8

NA

NA

Gram-positive cocci (n = 8)c

NA

NA

NA

NA

––

NA

NA

2 (2–2)

4

4

Bloodstream infection

            

Enterobacterales (n = 10)a

1

4

4 (4–66)

8

16

0.25 (0.25–0.25)

2

8

NA

NA

Non-fermenters (n = 3)b

8

8

4 (4–4)

16

16

2

8

NA

NA

Gram-positive cocci (n = 13)c

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

2 (1.5–5)

4

4

Other infections

            

Enterobacterales (n = 10)a

1 (1–1)

1

4

4 (4–4)

8

16

0.25 (0.25–1.2)

  

NA

NA

Gram-positive cocci (n = 3)b

NA

NA

NA

NA

-

NA

NA

2 (1–2)

4

4

  1. MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration, expressed as mg/L. IQR, interquartile range. NA, not available
  2. aThe following Enterobacterales were detected: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Hafnia alvei
  3. bThe following non-fermentative bacteria were detected: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas monteilii, Achromobacter xylosoxidans
  4. cThe folllowing Gram-positive cocci were detected: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium. Of note, only S. aureus was considered as clinically relevant in respiratory specimens