Table 4 Determinants of pain-related discomfort scores: univariate analysis (n = 2130 patients)
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Men | 3 (0–5) | 0.556 |
Women | 3 (0–5) | ||
Age | R | − 0.051 | 0.019 |
Patient type | |||
Medical vs. surgical | Medical | 2 (0–5) | 0.007 |
Surgical | 3 (0–5) | ||
Cardiovascular and thoracic surgical patients | No | 2 (0–5) | 0.904 |
Yes | 3 (0–5) | ||
Cardiovascular surgical patients | No | 2 (0–5) | 0.477 |
Yes | 3 (0–5) | ||
Thoracic surgical patients | No | 3 (0–5) | 0.269 |
Yes | 2 (0–4) | ||
Knaus score | Normal | 3 (0–5) | 0.127 |
Moderate | 3 (0–5) | ||
Severe | 2 (0–5) | ||
SAPS II | R | 0.006 | 0.770 |
ICU stay duration | R | 0.046 | 0.034 |
Life support therapies during ICU stay | |||
Mechanical ventilation | No | 2 (0–5) | 0.051 |
Yes | 3 (0–5) | ||
Noninvasive ventilation | No | 3 (0–5) | 0.404 |
Yes | 2.5 (0–5) | ||
Vasopressor administration | No | 3 (0–5) | 0.425 |
Yes | 2 (0–5) | ||
Renal replacement therapy | No | 3 (0–5) | 0.157 |
Yes | 3 (0–5) | ||
Painful or discomfort-inducing invasive procedures during ICU stay | |||
Chest drain insertion | No | 2 (0–5) | 0.037 |
Yes | 3 (1–5) | ||
Chest drain removal | No | 2 (0–5) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 3 (1–5) | ||
Use of bladder catheter | No | 2 (0–5) | 0.001 |
Yes | 3 (0–5) | ||
Arterial catheter insertion | No | 3 (0–5) | 0.555 |
Yes | 2.5 (0–5) | ||
Central venous catheter insertion | No | 2 (0–5) | 0.014 |
Yes | 3 (0–5) | ||
Bronchoscopy | No | 3 (0–5) | 0.351 |
Yes | 3 (0–5) | ||
Complex dressing change | No | 2 (0–5) | 0.032 |
Yes | 3 (0–6) | ||
Intra-hospital transport | No | 2 (0–5) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 3 (0–5) | ||
Program | Never applied | 2 (0–5) | 0.754 |
Applied for 5 months or more | 3 (0–5) | ||
Inclusion month | April | 3 (0–5) | 0.314 |
October | 3 (0–5) |