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Fig. 4 | Critical Care

Fig. 4

From: Xenon treatment after severe traumatic brain injury improves locomotor outcome, reduces acute neuronal loss and enhances early beneficial neuroinflammation: a randomized, blinded, controlled animal study

Fig. 4

a Typical immunostaining showing NeuN (yellow) and DAPI (red) staining from sham, TBI control and TBI xenon animals in i left CA1 hippocampal region, ii left dentate gyrus iii left hypothalamus. Live neurons show a strong NeuN staining combined with DAPI. The scale bars are 20 μm (i) and (ii); and 40 μm (iii). b Xenon prevents neuronal loss in specific subcortical regions 24 h after TBI. Quantification of neuronal cell density of cortical layers from sham (white bars), TBI control (blue bars) and TBI xenon (red bars) in i left hippocampal CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG regions, ii right hippocampal CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG regions, iii left and right amygdala, left and right hypothalamus. The lines are medians, boxes represent interquartile interval and whiskers are range. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared to sham group as indicated by brackets, Kruskal Wallis test with Benjamini Yekutieli correction. n = 6 sham (white boxes) 24 h, n = 6, TBI control 24 h (blue boxes); n = 5 TBI xenon 24 h (red boxes)

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