Author/year | Type of cuff leak test | Mode of mechanical ventilation | Tidal volume | Cutoff | Diagnosis/sign of upper airway obstruction | Observation period (hours) | Incidence of upper airway obstruction, % (events/total) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fisher/1992 [23] | Qualitative | Spontaneous ventilation | NR | Presence or absence of peritubular leak | Direct laryngoscopy | NR | 11.3 (7/62) |
Marik/1996 [28] | Qualitative | Spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation | NR | Presence or absence of peritubular leak | Stridor | 24 | 2 (2/100) |
Miller/1996 [21] | Quantitative | Assist control | NR | 110 mL | Stridor | NR | 6 (6/100) |
Engoren/1999 [29] | Quantitative | Assist control | 10- 12 mL/kg | 110 mL | Stridor | NR | 0.6 (3/531) |
Sandhu/2000 [30] | Quantitative | Assist control | NR | 10% | Stridor | 24 | 11.8 (13/110) |
De Bast/2002 [12] | Quantitative | Assist control | NR | 15.5% | Stridor | 24 | 13.2 (10/76) |
Jaber/2003 [13] | Quantitative | Assist control | 10- 12 mL/kg | 130 mL/12% | Stridor | 48 | 11.6 (13/112) |
Maury/2004 [31] | Qualitative | Spontaneous breathing via T-tube | NR | Presence or absence of respiratory flow | Stridor | 24 | 3.5 (4/115) |
Erginel/2005 [32] | Quantitative | Assist control | 7 mL/kg | 283 mL/57% | Stridor | NR | 10.4 (7/67) |
Kriner/2005 [33] | Quantitative | Assist control | NR | 110 mL/15.5% | Stridor | 24 | 4.3 (20/462) |
Cheng/2006 [34] | Quantitative | Assist control | 8 mL/kg | 24% | Stridor | 48 | 7.6 (18/236) |
Chung/2006 [22] | Quantitative | Assist control | 10 mL/kg | 140 mL | Laryngeal edema based on video bronchoscopy | NR | 36.8 (35/95) |
Lim/2006 [35] | Quantitative | Assist control | 8- 10 mL/kg | 50 mL/14.7% | Stridor | 24 | 8.8 (3/34) |
Lee/2007 [36] | Quantitative | Assist control | 10 mL/kg | 110 mL | Stridor | 48 | 7.7 (25/325) |
Wang/2007 [37] | Quantitative | Assist control | 10 mL/kg | 88 mL/18% | Stridor | NR | 18.2 (20/110) |
Shin/2008 [38] | Quantitative or qualitative | Assist control | 10 mL/kg | 10% or audible air expired | Stridor | NR | 2.0 (1/49) |
Sukhupanyarek/2008 [39] | Qualitative | Used an ambu bag | NR | Presence or absence of audible leak | Stridor | 24 | 4.8 (26/543) |
Antonaglia/2010 [40] | Quantitative | Spontaneous ventilation | NR | 70 mL (21%) | Laryngeal lesions based on a rigid laryngoscope | NR | 4.8 (2/42) |
Gros/2012 [41] | Quantitative | Assist control | 10 mL/kg | 130 mL | Stridor | 48 | 6.7 (7/104) |
Keeratichananont/2012 [42] | Quantitative | Assist control | 500 mL | 114 mL | Stridor | 72 | 16.5 (19/115) |
Radhi/2012 [43] | Quantitative | Assist control | 6-8 mL/kg | 15% | Stridor | 1 | 7.8 (4/51) |
Sutherasan/2013 [44] | Quantitative | Assist control | 10 mL/kg | 110 mL | Stridor or laryngoscopy finding (erythematous swell of vocal cords) | NR | 16.8 (17/101) |
Mikaeli/2014 [49] | Quantitative | Assist control | NR | 110, 130, 249 mL | Stridor | 24 | 9.8 (4/41) |
Patel/2015 [45] | Qualitative | Spontaneous breathing | NR | Presence or absence of audible leak | Stridor | 24 | 3.9 (2/51) |
El-Baradey/2016 [46] | Quantitative | Assist control | 8 mL/kg | 200 mL | Stridor | 24 | 10.5 (45/432) |
Sahbal/2016 [47] | Quantitative | Assist control | NR | 132.5 mL | Stridor | NR | 8 (4/50) |
Schnell/2017 [48] | Quantitative/Qualitative | Assist control/spontaneous breathing via T-tube/cough during spontaneous breathing | 8 mL/kg | Presence or absence of audible leak/110 mL | Stridor | 48 | 9.4 (34/362) |
Samanta/2019 [50] | Quantitative | NR | NR | 110 mL | Stridor | NR | 21.2 (11/52) |