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Table 2 Summary of cuff leak test and reference standards in the included studies

From: Performance of the cuff leak test in adults in predicting post-extubation airway complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author/year

Type of cuff leak test

Mode of mechanical ventilation

Tidal volume

Cutoff

Diagnosis/sign of upper airway obstruction

Observation period (hours)

Incidence of upper airway obstruction, % (events/total)

Fisher/1992 [23]

Qualitative

Spontaneous ventilation

NR

Presence or absence of peritubular leak

Direct laryngoscopy

NR

11.3 (7/62)

Marik/1996 [28]

Qualitative

Spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation

NR

Presence or absence of peritubular leak

Stridor

24

2 (2/100)

Miller/1996 [21]

Quantitative

Assist control

NR

110 mL

Stridor

NR

6 (6/100)

Engoren/1999 [29]

Quantitative

Assist control

10- 12 mL/kg

110 mL

Stridor

NR

0.6 (3/531)

Sandhu/2000 [30]

Quantitative

Assist control

NR

10%

Stridor

24

11.8 (13/110)

De Bast/2002 [12]

Quantitative

Assist control

NR

15.5%

Stridor

24

13.2 (10/76)

Jaber/2003 [13]

Quantitative

Assist control

10- 12 mL/kg

130 mL/12%

Stridor

48

11.6 (13/112)

Maury/2004 [31]

Qualitative

Spontaneous breathing via T-tube

NR

Presence or absence of respiratory flow

Stridor

24

3.5 (4/115)

Erginel/2005 [32]

Quantitative

Assist control

7 mL/kg

283 mL/57%

Stridor

NR

10.4 (7/67)

Kriner/2005 [33]

Quantitative

Assist control

NR

110 mL/15.5%

Stridor

24

4.3 (20/462)

Cheng/2006 [34]

Quantitative

Assist control

8 mL/kg

24%

Stridor

48

7.6 (18/236)

Chung/2006 [22]

Quantitative

Assist control

10 mL/kg

140 mL

Laryngeal edema based on video bronchoscopy

NR

36.8 (35/95)

Lim/2006 [35]

Quantitative

Assist control

8- 10 mL/kg

50 mL/14.7%

Stridor

24

8.8 (3/34)

Lee/2007 [36]

Quantitative

Assist control

10 mL/kg

110 mL

Stridor

48

7.7 (25/325)

Wang/2007 [37]

Quantitative

Assist control

10 mL/kg

88 mL/18%

Stridor

NR

18.2 (20/110)

Shin/2008 [38]

Quantitative or qualitative

Assist control

10 mL/kg

10% or audible air expired

Stridor

NR

2.0 (1/49)

Sukhupanyarek/2008 [39]

Qualitative

Used an ambu bag

NR

Presence or absence of audible leak

Stridor

24

4.8 (26/543)

Antonaglia/2010 [40]

Quantitative

Spontaneous ventilation

NR

70 mL (21%)

Laryngeal lesions based on a rigid laryngoscope

NR

4.8 (2/42)

Gros/2012 [41]

Quantitative

Assist control

10 mL/kg

130 mL

Stridor

48

6.7 (7/104)

Keeratichananont/2012 [42]

Quantitative

Assist control

500 mL

114 mL

Stridor

72

16.5 (19/115)

Radhi/2012 [43]

Quantitative

Assist control

6-8 mL/kg

15%

Stridor

1

7.8 (4/51)

Sutherasan/2013 [44]

Quantitative

Assist control

10 mL/kg

110 mL

Stridor or laryngoscopy finding (erythematous swell of vocal cords)

NR

16.8 (17/101)

Mikaeli/2014 [49]

Quantitative

Assist control

NR

110, 130, 249 mL

Stridor

24

9.8 (4/41)

Patel/2015 [45]

Qualitative

Spontaneous breathing

NR

Presence or absence of audible leak

Stridor

24

3.9 (2/51)

El-Baradey/2016 [46]

Quantitative

Assist control

8 mL/kg

200 mL

Stridor

24

10.5 (45/432)

Sahbal/2016 [47]

Quantitative

Assist control

NR

132.5 mL

Stridor

NR

8 (4/50)

Schnell/2017 [48]

Quantitative/Qualitative

Assist control/spontaneous breathing via T-tube/cough during spontaneous breathing

8 mL/kg

Presence or absence of audible leak/110 mL

Stridor

48

9.4 (34/362)

Samanta/2019 [50]

Quantitative

NR

NR

110 mL

Stridor

NR

21.2 (11/52)

  1. NR not reported