Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
From: Inpatient hospital performance is associated with post-discharge sepsis mortality
Characteristic | Descriptive statistics | |
|---|---|---|
All cases (n = 830,720) | Survived to discharge (n = 662,866) | |
n (%) | n (%) | |
Patient characteristics | Â | Â |
 Sex |  |  |
  Male | 393,852 (47.4) | 314,824 (47.5) |
  Female | 436,868 (52.6) | 348,042 (52.5) |
 Race |  |  |
  White | 641,526 (77.2) | 512,243 (77.3) |
  Black | 101,581 (12.2) | 79,308 (12.0) |
  Other | 87,613 (10.6) | 71,315 (10.8) |
 Age |  |  |
  65–74 years | 274,021 (33.0) | 225,032 (33.9) |
  75–84 years | 303,933 (36.6) | 242,410 (36.6) |
  85+ years | 252,766 (30.4) | 195,424 (29.5) |
 Urbanicity of residence (by RUCC code) |  |  |
  Urban (metro counties) | 740,872 (89.2) | 590,784 (89.1) |
  Rural (nonmetro counties) | 89,377 (10.8) | 71,715 (10.8) |
  Other/unknown | 471 (0.1) | 367 (0.1) |
 Cancer diagnosis |  |  |
  None | 715,653 (86.2) | 580,536 (87.6) |
  Metastatic solid tumor | 10,656 (1.3) | 7,208 (1.1) |
  Non-metastatic solid tumor | 72,133 (8.7) | 51,807 (7.8) |
  Hematologic malignancy | 32,278 (3.9) | 23,315 (3.5) |
 Infection source |  |  |
  Urinary tract | 338,046 (40.7) | 288,389 (43.5) |
  Pneumonia | 225,647 (27.2) | 171,908 (25.9) |
  Abdominal | 33,433 (4.0) | 24,135 (3.6) |
  Bloodstream | 26,217 (3.2) | 22,148 (3.3) |
  Cellulitis | 24,288 (2.9) | 21,407 (3.2) |
  Bone | 17,909 (2.2) | 15,247 (2.3) |
  Surgical | 10,960 (1.3) | 9329 (1.4) |
  Ear, nose, throat | 1240 (0.2) | 1130 (0.2) |
  Meningitis | 1051 (0.1) | 832 (0.1) |
  Gastrointestinal | 794 (0.1) | 755 (0.1) |
  Other/unknown | 151,135 (18.2) | 107,586 (16.2) |
 Organ dysfunction |  |  |
  Renal | 250,655 (30.2) | 212,506 (32.1) |
  Neurologic | 227,220 (27.4) | 177,610 (26.8) |
  Metabolic | 145,086 (17.5) | 101,214 (15.3) |
  Hematologic | 73,996 (8.9) | 61,618 (9.3) |
  Cardiac | 50,414 (6.1) | 39,498 (6.0) |
  Respiratory | 41,985 (5.1) | 35,072 (5.3) |
  Hepatic | 8396 (1.0) | 5525 (0.8) |
  Other/unknown | 32,968 (4.0) | 29,823 (4.5) |
 Admission from skilled nursing facility |  |  |
  No | 759,098 (91.4) | 618,575 (93.3) |
  Yes | 71,622 (8.6) | 50,291 (7.6) |
Hospital characteristics | ||
 ICU services available |  |  |
  No | 10,409 (1.3) | 8,633 (1.3) |
  Yes | 736,934 (88.7) | 588,136 (88.7) |
  Not reported/unknown | 83,377 (10.0) | 66,097 (10.0) |
 Council of teaching hospitals member |  |  |
  No | 675,249 (81.3) | 541,556 (81.7) |
  Yes | 150,440 (18.1) | 117,176 (17.7) |
  Not reported/unknown | 5031 (0.6) | 4134 (0.6) |
Community characteristics (zip code) | Â | Â |
 Percent of population unemployed |  |  |
  0–5% | 95,725 (11.5) | 77,264 (11.7) |
  6–8% | 260,369 (31.3) | 208,787 (31.5) |
  9–11% | 230,791 (27.8) | 184,317 (27.8) |
  12–15% | 155,421 (18.7) | 123,043 (18.6) |
  ≥ 16% | 88,414 (10.6) | 69,455 (10.5) |
 Percent of population, black or African American |  |  |
  0–1% | 183,904 (22.1) | 148,852 (22.5) |
  2–3% | 145,025 (17.5) | 116,636 (17.6) |
  4–5% | 87,997 (10.6) | 70,587 (10.6) |
  6–10% | 124,661 (15.0) | 99,529 (15.0) |
  11–20% | 114,407 (13.8) | 90,978 (13.7) |
  21–40% | 90,602 (10.9) | 71,360 (10.8) |
  ≥ 41% | 84,124 (10.1) | 64,924 (9.8) |
 Percent of population, Hispanic |  |  |
  0–1% | 90,385 (10.9) | 72,473 (10.9) |
  2–3% | 153,434 (18.5) | 123,561 (18.6) |
  4–5% | 106,717 (12.9) | 85,911 (13.0) |
  6–10% | 156,509 (18.8) | 124,846 (18.8) |
  11–20% | 136,061 (16.4) | 108,231 (16.3) |
  21–40% | 101,608 (12.2) | 803,78 (12.1) |
  ≥ 41% | 86,006 (10.4) | 67,466 (10.2) |
 Percent of population, high school degree or higher |  |  |
  0–20% | 105,685 (12.7) | 83,642 (12.6) |
  21–25% | 129,294 (15.6) | 102,210 (15.4) |
  26–28% | 103,013 (12.4) | 82,093 (12.4) |
  29–33% | 177,288 (21.3) | 142,046 (21.4) |
  34–38% | 149,051 (17.9) | 119,137 (18.0) |
  39–45% | 107,329 (12.9) | 86,421 (13.0) |
  ≥ 46% | 59,060 (7.1) | 47,317 (7.1) |
 Percent of population, below poverty line |  |  |
  0–7% | 159,421 (19.2) | 128,113 (19.3) |
  8–10% | 118,812 (14.3) | 95,364 (14.4) |
  11–15% | 183,827 (22.1) | 147,216 (22.2) |
  16–18% | 91,917 (11.1) | 73,484 (11.1) |
  19–25% | 152,570 (18.4) | 121,147 (18.3) |
  ≥ 26% | 124,173 (15.0) | 97,542 (14.7) |