|
N
|
382 (100.0)
|
226 (59.2)
|
156 (40.8)
|
–
|
|
Age (year)
|
60.7 ± 14.1
|
59.1 ± 14.0
|
63.0 ± 14.0
|
0.0077
|
|
Male sex
|
234 (61.3)
|
150 (66.4)
|
84 (53.8)
|
0.0135
|
|
Smoking history
|
35 (9.2)
|
24 (10.6)
|
11 (7.1)
|
0.2347
|
|
Days from onset at hospital admission
|
11.0 (8.0–15.0)
|
10.0 (7.0–14.0)
|
12.0 (9.0–16.5)
|
0.0029
|
|
Medical history
|
|
Chronic pulmonary disease
|
20 (5.2)
|
12 (5.3)
|
8 (5.1)
|
0.9376
|
|
Hypertension
|
136 (35.6)
|
79 (35.0)
|
57 (36.5)
|
0.7508
|
|
Diabetes
|
67 (17.5)
|
36 (15.9)
|
31 (19.9)
|
0.3193
|
|
Chronic liver disease
|
15 (3.9)
|
11 (4.9)
|
4 (2.6)
|
0.2546
|
|
Chronic renal disease
|
6 (1.6)
|
2 (0.9)
|
4 (2.6)
|
0.1945
|
|
Cardiovascular disease
|
28 (7.3)
|
12 (5.3)
|
16 (10.3)
|
0.0682
|
|
Malignant tumor
|
12 (3.1)
|
7 (3.1)
|
5 (3.2)
|
0.9527
|
|
Hematological malignant tumor
|
2 (0.6)
|
1 (0.5)
|
1 (0.7)
|
0.8339
|
|
Immunosuppressive conditions
|
14 (3.7)
|
9 (4.0)
|
5 (3.2)
|
0.6911
|
|
SOFA score at hospital admission
|
2.0 (2.0–3.0)
|
2.0 (2.0–3.0)
|
2.0 (2.0–3.0)
|
0.1383
|
|
Corticosteroid therapy before hospital admission
|
40 (10.5)
|
28 (12.4)
|
12 (7.7)
|
0.1405
|
|
Vital signs at hospital admission
|
|
Temperature (°C)
|
36.8 ± 0.7
|
36.9 ± 0.8
|
36.7 ± 0.5
|
0.0069
|
|
Heart rate (min−1)
|
90.9 ± 15.3
|
92.9 ± 16.3
|
88.0 ± 13.1
|
0.0018
|
|
Respiratory rate (min−1)
|
24.0 ± 6.3
|
24.5 ± 7.1
|
23.3 ± 5.0
|
0.0609
|
|
Laboratory findings
|
|
Blood leukocyte count (× 109/L)
|
8.1 (5.2–11.3)
|
8.4 (5.1–11.7)
|
7.5 (5.4–10.0)
|
0.2593
|
|
Lymphocyte count (× 109/L)
|
0.7 (0.5–1.0)
|
0.6 (0.5–0.8)
|
0.8 (0.6–1.1)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Neutrophil count (× 109/L)
|
6.9 (4.0–10.2)
|
7.4 (4.2–10.7)
|
5.7 (4.0–8.7)
|
0.0508
|
|
SpO2/FiO2
|
229.3 (175.5–352.4)
|
218.6 (170.0–366.7)
|
241.5 (184.0–332.8)
|
0.2133
|
|
CRP (mg/L)
|
89.0 (38.0–159.9)
|
96.7 (45.9–160.0)
|
68.7 (28.6–138.5)
|
0.0026
|
|
D-dimer (mg/L)
|
1.5 (0.7–8.0)
|
1.5 (0.6–9.5)
|
1.5 (0.7–7.1)
|
0.9913
|
|
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)
|
409.0 (304.0–545.0)
|
429.0 (320.0–569.0)
|
386.5 (277.0–509.5)
|
0.0124
|
|
Bilateral involvement
|
358 (93.7)
|
214 (94.7)
|
144 (92.3)
|
0.3455
|
|
Severity of ARDSa
|
|
Mild
|
120 (31.4)
|
60 (26.5)
|
60 (38.5)
|
0.0297
|
|
Moderate
|
157 (41.1)
|
99 (43.8)
|
58 (37.2)
| |
|
Severe
|
105 (27.5)
|
67 (29.6)
|
38 (24.4)
| |
|
Antivirus drugs
|
|
Lopinavir
|
91 (24.0)
|
72 (31.9)
|
19 (12.4)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Ganciclovir
|
32 (8.4)
|
19 (8.4)
|
13 (8.5)
|
0.9754
|
|
Interferon
|
103 (27.2)
|
65 (28.8)
|
38 (24.8)
|
0.3994
|
|
Oseltamivir
|
64 (16.9)
|
52 (23.0)
|
12 (7.8)
|
0.0001
|
|
Antibiotics
|
371 (97.1)
|
224 (99.1)
|
147 (94.2)
|
0.0126
|
|
Respiratory support during hospital stay
|
|
High-frequency oscillation ventilation
|
146 (38.8)
|
100 (45.2)
|
46 (29.7)
|
0.0023
|
|
NIMV
|
147 (38.5)
|
104 (46.0)
|
43 (27.6)
|
0.0003
|
|
IMV
|
94 (24.6)
|
59 (26.1)
|
35 (22.4)
|
0.4130
|
|
ECMO
|
11 (2.9)
|
8 (3.5)
|
3 (1.9)
|
0.3530
|
|
Hyperglycemia
|
32 (8.4)
|
20 (8.8)
|
12 (7.7)
|
0.6882
|
|
In-hospital 60-day mortality
|
203 (53.1)
|
135 (59.7)
|
68 (43.6)
|
0.0019
|
|
In-hospital days for all patients
|
12.0 (7.0–18.0)
|
14.0 (9.0–21.0)
|
10.0 (6.0–13.0)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
In-hospital days for survivors
|
13.0 (10.0–19.0)
|
16.0 (11.0–24.0)
|
11.0 (8.5–15.0)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Median survival time (days)
|
18.0 (15.0–20.0)
|
19.0 (15.0–21.0)
|
15.0 (12.0–23.0)
|
0.0239
|
|
Duration of viral shedding from symptom onset (days)
|
18.0 (14.0–23.0)
|
19.0 (14.0–23.0)
|
18.0 (14.0–24.0)
|
0.7217
|
