Table 3 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample according to cluster group

Age, years^a,c

59 (51.5–63.5)

72 (66–78)

60 (50–69)

Gender (%)

Female gender

3 (23.1)

21 (63.6)

11 (23.9)

Cognitive reserve^b,c

− 0.07 (− 0.94 to − 0.05)

− 0.11 (− 0.45 to − 0.23)

0.31 (− 0.08 to 0.68)

Diagnosis (%)

Medical

12 (92.3)

27 (81.8)

35 (76.1)

Surgical

1 (7.7)

5 (15.2)

4 (8.7)

Polytrauma

0 (0.00)

1 (3.0)

7 (15.2)

APACHE II at ICU admission, points

15 (12–18)

18 (15.5–22.5)

17 (12–20.25)

SOFA at ICU admission, points

8 (5.5–10.5)

7 (4–10)

7 (5–9)

SOFA slope

− 1.1 (− 1.8 to − 0.35)

− 0.9 (− 1.5 to − 0.25)

− 0.75 (− 1.4 to − 0.12)

Charlson Index at ICU admission^a,c

3 (2.5–4)

5 (3–6)

3 (1–4)

Length of MV, days

5 (4.5–10)

5 (3–8)

7 (4–11)

MV days ratio

0.67 (0.45–0.73)

0.64 (0.38–0.71)

0.63 (0.44–0.8)

Length of delirium, days

0 (0–1)

1 (0–2)

0 (0–2)

Delirium ratio

0 (0–0.12)

0.08 (0–0.22)

0 (0–0.10)

Accumulated dose of sedatives^c

4.29 (0.29–16.38)

1.35 (0.35–6.20)

3.85 (1.92–10.62)

Accumulated dose of opioids^b

0.00 (0.00–2.33)

0.83 (0.29–2.10)

1.45 (0.63–2.52)

Days with sedatives

4 (1–7)

3 (1–6.5)

4 (3–7.25)

Days with sedatives ratio

0.44 (0.13–0.64)

0.28 (0.12–0.47)

0.40 (0.22–0.60)

Days with opioids^a,b

0 (0–5)

4 (2–7)

5 (3–9)

Days with opioids ratio^a,b

0.00 (0.00–0.37)

0.35 (0.22–0.61)

0.5 (0.33–0.64)

Length of ICU stay, days

11 (7–12.5)

9 (7–18.5)

11 (8–16.25)

Length of hospital stay after ICU discharge, days

15 (9–30)

17 (11–49)

17.50 (9–31.5)