Table 1 Characteristics of the 79 patients and comparisons between patients treated with tocilizumab + Std therapy and those treated with Std therapy alone
From: Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19 ARDS undergoing noninvasive ventilation
Overall population | Tocilizumab + Std therapy | Std therapy | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics and clinical features | ||||
No. of patients | 79 | 41 | 38 | |
Age (years), mean ± SD | 66.5 ± 11.4 | 63.3 ± 10.6 | 70.3 ± 11.3 | 0.005 |
Male, n (%) | 56 (71) | 29 (71) | 27 (71) | 0.9 |
Smokers, n (%) | 3 (4) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) | 0.9 |
Former smokers, n (%) | 22 (28) | 12 (29) | 10 (26) | 0.8 |
Non-smokers, n (%) | 54 (68) | 27 (66) | 27 (71) | 0.6 |
BMI, mean ± SD | 29.7 ± 5.2 | 30.6 ± 5.3 | 28.4 ± 4.7 | 0.1 |
Number of comorbidities, mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 2.1 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 2.4 | 0.2 |
Charlson Comorbidity index, mean ± SD | 3.4 ± 2.2 | 2.7 ± 2.1 | 4.2 ± 2.2 | 0.002 |
SOFA index at admission, mean ± SD | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 4 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 0.07 |
Not eligible for ICU, n (%) | 18 (23) | 5 (12) | 13 (34) | 0.03 |
Respiratory rate (breaths/min), mean ± SD | ||||
At admission | 24.6 ± 4.9 | 24.8 ± 4.7 | 24.4 ± 5.3 | 0.9 |
At 72 h | 25.6 ± 7.3 | 25.8 ± 6.8 | 25.5 ± 8.1 | 0.8 |
At 7 days | 21.3 ± 5.8 | 19.8 ± 2.6 | 22.4 ± 7.3 | 0.5 |
Outcomes | ||||
Intubation/death, n (%) | 41 (52) | 16 (39) | 25 (64) | 0.02 |
Death, n (%) | 30 (38) | 10 (24) | 20 (53) | 0.01 |
Treatment | ||||
Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 75 (95) | 41 (100) | 34 (89) | 0.05 |
Antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat), n (%) | 41 (52) | 20 (49) | 21 (55) | 0.7 |
Anticoagulants (full dosage), n (%) | 20 (25) | 10 (24) | 10 (26) | 0.9 |
Steroids (methylprednisolone 0.5–1 mg/kg/die) | 55 (70) | 28 (68) | 27 (71) | 0.9 |
Tocilizumab, n (%) | 41 (52) | |||
IV, n (%) | 28 (36) | |||
SC, n (%) | 13 (16) | |||