Study | Design | Country | Patients (n) | Study period | Specimen and detection method | Clinical inclusion criteria | Immunosuppression | Primary endpoint | Secondary endpoints | Antiviral drug used (dosing), % of patients with therapy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aisenberg et al. [26] | Single-centre, retrospective cohort study | USA | 45 | April 2000 to April 2004 | BAL, viral culture alone or culture and cytology; HSV type not specified | Pneumonia | All patients with solid organ tumour | Hospital mortality | Median time on MV; median duration of ICU stay | Acyclovir (10 mg/kg tid), 68%; valacyclovir (1 g tid), 28%; famciclovir (500 mg tid), 4% |
Camps et al. [17] | Single-centre, retrospective cohort study | Belgium | 64 | January 1992 to December 1997 | BAL/TA, viral culture; HSV type not specified | Pneumonia | 20% | Mortality | None | Acyclovir (5 mg tid 5 days),100% |
Heimes et al. [27] | Single-centre, retrospective cohort study | Germany | 306 | January 2011 to December 2017 | BAL/TA, PCR; HSV-1 | Respiratory tract infection | 34% | 30-day mortality; survival | Hospital mortality; ICU mortality; length of hospital stay; length of ICU stay; duration of MV | Acyclovir (10 mg/kg tid 7 days), 91%; ganciclovir (no dose reported), 6%; both, 3% |
Luyt et al. [7] | Single-centre, prospective cohort study | France | 42 | October 2004 to January 2006 | BAL/TA, viral culture; HSV type not specified | Bronchopneumonitis in patients with prolonged MV (> 5 days) | Not specified | Hospital mortality | Length of ICU stay; duration MV; bacterial VAP | Acyclovir (10 mg/kg tid 5–14 days), 100% |
Luyt et al. [28] | Double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial | France | 238 | February 2014 to February 2018 | Oropharyngeal swab, PCR; HSV type not specified | MV for 96 h, predicted MV duration of ≥ 48 h and an HSV-positive oropharyngeal swab | Exclusion criteria | Ventilator-free days | 60-day mortality; MV duration; occurrence of HSV bronchopneumonitis or active CMV infection; secondary bacterial pneumonia, bacteremia or fungemia; acute respiratory distress syndrome; septic shock post-randomization; acute renal failure | Acyclovir (5 mg/kg tid 14 days), 100% |
Scheithauer et al. [5] | Single-centre, retrospective cohort study | Germany | 51 | January 2007 to April 2009 | BAL/TA, PCR; HSV-1 | Respiratory tract infection | Not specified | Hospital mortality | None | Acyclovir (no dose reported), 100% |
Single-centre, retrospective cohort study | Germany | 89 | January 2013 to April 2018 | BAL/TA, PCR, HSV-1 and 2 | Ventilator-associated pneumonia Exclusion criteria: neutronpenic patients | Steroids at baseline: 17–20% |  | Hospital mortality; ICU mortality; length of hospital stay; length of ICU stay; duration of MV | Acyclovir (9 mg/kg tid) [median, IQR 7–11]. Total acyclovir treatment duration of surviving patients was 10 days [median, IQR 6.5–14], 97%; ganciclovir (no dose reported), 3% | |
Traen et al. [31] | Single-centre, retrospective cohort study | Belgium | 212 | January 2004 to March 2012 | BAL/TA, viral culture, HSV-1 | Respiratory tract infection | 9% | Hospital mortality; ICU mortality; length of ICU stay; total MV duration; need for vasopressors; need for inotropics; SOFA score | None | Acyclovir (10 mg/kg tid over the course of 5–14 days), 100% |
van den Brink et al. [11] | Single-centre, retrospective cohort study | Netherlands | 22 | February 1996 to November 2001 | BAL, viral culture, HSV-1 | Pneumonia | Not specified | Not defined | None | Acyclovir (10 mg/kg tid), 95%; ganciclovir (5 mg/kg bd), 0%; both, 5% |