Table 1 Baseline characteristics, clinical care and outcomes, and indirect calorimetry measured resting energy expenditure in COVID-19 ICU patients

 Age (mean, range)

 Male sex (n, %)

  African-American/Black

  Caucasian/White

  Hispanic

 BMI (mean, range)

 BMI > 30 (%)

 Ventilator days (21-day study period only) (mean, sd)

 Mortality (21-day study period only) (n, %)

 Mortality (hospital mortality) (n, %)

(b) Energy expenditure/data

D0–7

D7–14

D14–21

p value

 Measured REE in absolute kCal/day (all patients) (median, IQR)

1568 (1175–2215)

1830 (1465–2467)

2789 (1776–3262)

< 0.05

 Measured REE kCal/kg actual BW (non-obese, BMI < 30) (median, IQR)

19.2 (16.9–20.7)

26 (24.5–35.5)

29 (23–34.5)

< 0.05

 Measured REE kCal/kg actual BW (obese, BMI > 30) (median, IQR)

17.5 (12–19.25)

21 (20–23.5)

31.5 (24.8–36)

< 0.05

 Measured REE kCal/kg adjusted BW (obese, BMI > 30) (median, IQR)

20 (17–22.5)

26.3 (24–29)

32.5 (28.8–35.8)

< 0.05

 Measured REE kCal/kg actual BW (all patients) (median, IQR)

19 (13.7–28.5)

26 (22–42)

30.4 (27–35.8)

< 0.05

(c) Clinical data

D0–7

D7–14

D14–21

p value

Use of prone positioning (%) (mean, sd)

12.3 (8.6)

7 (2.4)

12.2 (4.3)

0.17

Use of paralysis with neuromuscular blocker (%) (mean, sd)

14.8 (8)

9.7 (1.7)

12.3 (3.4)

0.2

SOFA score (mean, sd)

9 (3.6)

9 (3.2)

9.5 (3.6)

0.5