Effect of withholding early parenteral nutrition in PICU on ketogenesis as potential mediator of its outcome benefit

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of matched patients in the time course study

Baseline characteristics	Early-PN (n = 47)	Late-PN (n = 49)	P value
Age (years)—median [IQR]²	4.3 [0.2–8.4]	3.5 [0.4–11.6]	0.4
Age < 1 year—no. (%)	16 (34.0)	18 (36.7)	0.8
Male sex—no. (%)	28 (59.5)	34 (69.3)	0.3
Weight (kg)—median [IQR]²	15.0 [4.7–24.0]	14.0 [5.6–34.0]	0.5
STRONGkids risk level—no. (%)¹			1
Medium (1–3)	44 (93.6)	46 (93.8)
High (4, 5)	3 (6.3)	3 (6.1)
PIM2 calc. risk of death (%)—median [IQR]²	0.20 [0.08–0.37]	0.16 [0.06–0.33]	0.6
Emergency admission—no. (%)	16 (34.0)	15 (30.6)	0.8
Center—no. (%)
Leuven	25 (53.1)	26 (53.0)
Rotterdam	22 (46.8)	23 (46.9)
Edmonton	0 (0)	0 (0)
Diagnostic group—no. (%)
Surgical
Abdominal	0 (0)	2 (4.08)
Burns	0 (0)	0 (0)
Cardiac	16 (34.0)	18 (36.7)
Neurosurgery-traumatic brain injury	8 (17.0)	7 (14.2)
Thoracic	0 (0)	0 (0)
Transplantation	4 (8.5)	2 (4.1)
Orthopedic surgery-trauma	3 (6.3)	0 (0)
Others	1 (2.1)	0 (0)
Medical
Cardiac	2 (4.2)	5 (10.2)
Gastrointestinal-hepatic	0 (0)	0 (0)
Oncologic-hematologic	0 (0)	1 (2.0)
Neurologic	1 (2.1)	3 (6.1)
Respiratory	5 (10.6)	7 (14.2)
Others	7 (14.8)	4 (8.1)
Condition on admission—no. (%)
Need for hemodynamic assist device	1 (0.02)	1 (0.02)	0.2
Presence of infection	26 (55.3)	24 (48.9)	0.5

¹Scores on the Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids) range from 0 to 5, with a score of 0 indicating a low risk of malnutrition, a score of 1 to 3 indicating medium risk, and a score of 4 to 5 indicating high risk. ²Pediatric index of mortality 2 (PIM2) is a severity scoring system for predicting outcome of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units

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