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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and main outcomes for patients and controls

From: The clinical potential of GDF15 as a “ready-to-feed indicator” for critically ill adults

 

Controls

Included EPaNIC RCT patients

Propensity score-matched sub-cohort for impact of randomization on time series

Propensity score-matched sub-cohort for impact of randomization on day 1,2,3

Included DAS trial patients

 

Admission sample available

Patients in time course study

Patients with MRC sum score

Patients in GI tolerance study

Late PN

Early PN

 

Late PN

Early PN

  

N = 65

N = 4393

N = 1128

N = 600

N = 1379

N = 564

N = 564

P

N = 153

N = 153

P

N = 72

Baseline characteristics

 Gender—male, n (%)

41 (63.1)

2827 (64.4)

751 (66.6)

353 (58.8)

865 (62.7)

371 (65.8)

380 (67.4)

0.57

96 (62.8)

100 (65.4)

0.63

41 (56.9)

 Age—years, median [IQR]

67 [56–75]

66 [56–75]

66 [57–74]

63 [53–73]

65 [54–75]

68 [57–75]

66 [55–74]

0.18

69 [59–77]

69 [58–76]

0.41

62 [46–75]

 BMI—kg/m2, median [IQR]

26 [23–28]

26 [23–29]

26 [23–28]

25 [23–29]

25 [23–29]

26 [24–28]

26 [23–28]

0.25

25 [23–28]

25 [22–28]

0.61

25 [23–29]

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

6 (9.2)

746 (17.2)

176 (15.6)

96 (16.0)

234 (17.0)

81 (14.4)

95 (16.8)

0.25

25 (16.3)

21 (13.7)

0.52

8 (11.1)

 Malignancy, n (%)

11 (16.9)

814 (18.8)

173 (15.3)

163 (0.27)

327 (23.7)

84 (14.9)

89 (15.8)

0.68

26 (17.0)

26 (17.0)

> 0.99

10 (13.9)

 NRS score ≥ 5, n (%)

NA

761 (17.6)

168 (14.9)

177 (29.5)

422 (30.6)

76 (13.5)

92 (16.3)

0.18

33 (21.6)

28 (18.3)

0.47

NA

 APACHE-II score, median [IQR]

NA

19 [14–31]

18 [13–29]

31 [20–37]

32 [23–37]

18 [13–28]

17 [14–29]

0.57

25 [16–34]

24 [16–33]

0.94

30 [26–36]

 Pre-admission dialysis, n (%)

NA

62 (1.4)

10 (0.9)

6 (1.0)

25 (1.8)

4 (0.7)

6 (1.1)

0.52

1 (0.7)

2 (1.3)

0.56

NA

 Sepsis upon admission, n (%)

NA

867 (20.0)

172 (15.3)

264 (44.0)

636 (46.1)

85 (15.1)

87 (15.4)

0.86

48 (31.4)

43 (28.1)

0.53

NA

 Emergency admission, n (%)

NA

1701 (39.3)

367 (32.5)

413 (68.8)

1014 (73.5)

177 (31.4)

190 (33.7)

0.40

72 (47.1)

76 (49.7)

0.64

66 (91.7)

Outcomes

 ICU mortality, n (%)

NA

227 (5.2)

49 (4.3)

23 (3.8)

198 (14.4)

20 (3.6)

29 (5.1)

0.18

8 (5.2)

11 (7.2)

0.47

0 (0.0)

 ICU stay days, median [IQR]

NA

3 [2–8]

3 [2–7]

12 [4–21]

14 [10–24]

3 [2–6]

3 [2–7]

0.05

7 [5–15]

7 [4–15]

0.50

15 [10–22]

 New infection, n (%)

NA

1041 (24.0)

237 (21.0)

309 (51.5)

954 (69.2)

101 (17.9)

136 (24.1)

0.01

66 (43.1)

70 (45.8)

0.64

NA

 Muscle weakness, n (%)

NA

218 (37.6)

38 (28.8)

232 (38.7)

226 (55.0)

NA

NA

 

NA

NA

 

NA

 Respiratory support, n (%)

NA

4155 (96.0)

1092 (96.8)

578 (96.3)

1352 (98.0)

544 (96.5)

548 (97.2)

0.49

148 (96.7)

150 (98.0)

0.47

NA

 Hemodynamic support, n (%)

NA

3611 (83.4)

957 (84.8)

515 (85.8)

1259 (91.3)

475 (84.2)

482 (85.5)

0.56

141 (92.2)

142 (92.8)

0.82

NA

  1. Abbreviations: MRC Medical Research Council, GI gastrointestinal, IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, NA not applicable or information not available, NRS nutritional risk screening score, APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, ICU intensive care unit