From: The clinical potential of GDF15 as a “ready-to-feed indicator” for critically ill adults
Controls | Included EPaNIC RCT patients | Propensity score-matched sub-cohort for impact of randomization on time series | Propensity score-matched sub-cohort for impact of randomization on day 1,2,3 | Included DAS trial patients | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Admission sample available | Patients in time course study | Patients with MRC sum score | Patients in GI tolerance study | Late PN | Early PN | Late PN | Early PN | |||||
N = 65 | N = 4393 | N = 1128 | N = 600 | N = 1379 | N = 564 | N = 564 | P | N = 153 | N = 153 | P | N = 72 | |
Baseline characteristics | ||||||||||||
Gender—male, n (%) | 41 (63.1) | 2827 (64.4) | 751 (66.6) | 353 (58.8) | 865 (62.7) | 371 (65.8) | 380 (67.4) | 0.57 | 96 (62.8) | 100 (65.4) | 0.63 | 41 (56.9) |
Age—years, median [IQR] | 67 [56–75] | 66 [56–75] | 66 [57–74] | 63 [53–73] | 65 [54–75] | 68 [57–75] | 66 [55–74] | 0.18 | 69 [59–77] | 69 [58–76] | 0.41 | 62 [46–75] |
BMI—kg/m2, median [IQR] | 26 [23–28] | 26 [23–29] | 26 [23–28] | 25 [23–29] | 25 [23–29] | 26 [24–28] | 26 [23–28] | 0.25 | 25 [23–28] | 25 [22–28] | 0.61 | 25 [23–29] |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 6 (9.2) | 746 (17.2) | 176 (15.6) | 96 (16.0) | 234 (17.0) | 81 (14.4) | 95 (16.8) | 0.25 | 25 (16.3) | 21 (13.7) | 0.52 | 8 (11.1) |
Malignancy, n (%) | 11 (16.9) | 814 (18.8) | 173 (15.3) | 163 (0.27) | 327 (23.7) | 84 (14.9) | 89 (15.8) | 0.68 | 26 (17.0) | 26 (17.0) | > 0.99 | 10 (13.9) |
NRS score ≥ 5, n (%) | NA | 761 (17.6) | 168 (14.9) | 177 (29.5) | 422 (30.6) | 76 (13.5) | 92 (16.3) | 0.18 | 33 (21.6) | 28 (18.3) | 0.47 | NA |
APACHE-II score, median [IQR] | NA | 19 [14–31] | 18 [13–29] | 31 [20–37] | 32 [23–37] | 18 [13–28] | 17 [14–29] | 0.57 | 25 [16–34] | 24 [16–33] | 0.94 | 30 [26–36] |
Pre-admission dialysis, n (%) | NA | 62 (1.4) | 10 (0.9) | 6 (1.0) | 25 (1.8) | 4 (0.7) | 6 (1.1) | 0.52 | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.3) | 0.56 | NA |
Sepsis upon admission, n (%) | NA | 867 (20.0) | 172 (15.3) | 264 (44.0) | 636 (46.1) | 85 (15.1) | 87 (15.4) | 0.86 | 48 (31.4) | 43 (28.1) | 0.53 | NA |
Emergency admission, n (%) | NA | 1701 (39.3) | 367 (32.5) | 413 (68.8) | 1014 (73.5) | 177 (31.4) | 190 (33.7) | 0.40 | 72 (47.1) | 76 (49.7) | 0.64 | 66 (91.7) |
Outcomes | ||||||||||||
ICU mortality, n (%) | NA | 227 (5.2) | 49 (4.3) | 23 (3.8) | 198 (14.4) | 20 (3.6) | 29 (5.1) | 0.18 | 8 (5.2) | 11 (7.2) | 0.47 | 0 (0.0) |
ICU stay days, median [IQR] | NA | 3 [2–8] | 3 [2–7] | 12 [4–21] | 14 [10–24] | 3 [2–6] | 3 [2–7] | 0.05 | 7 [5–15] | 7 [4–15] | 0.50 | 15 [10–22] |
New infection, n (%) | NA | 1041 (24.0) | 237 (21.0) | 309 (51.5) | 954 (69.2) | 101 (17.9) | 136 (24.1) | 0.01 | 66 (43.1) | 70 (45.8) | 0.64 | NA |
Muscle weakness, n (%) | NA | 218 (37.6) | 38 (28.8) | 232 (38.7) | 226 (55.0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
Respiratory support, n (%) | NA | 4155 (96.0) | 1092 (96.8) | 578 (96.3) | 1352 (98.0) | 544 (96.5) | 548 (97.2) | 0.49 | 148 (96.7) | 150 (98.0) | 0.47 | NA |
Hemodynamic support, n (%) | NA | 3611 (83.4) | 957 (84.8) | 515 (85.8) | 1259 (91.3) | 475 (84.2) | 482 (85.5) | 0.56 | 141 (92.2) | 142 (92.8) | 0.82 | NA |