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Table 1 Comparisons of patients groups

From: Therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit: a retrospective study

 

GI (d-dimer < 2) (n = 20)

GII (d-dimer ≥ 2)

Before PSM

After PSM

GIIa (TPE+) (n = 18)

GIIb (TPE−) (n = 35)

p1 (GI and GIIa)

p2 (GIIa and GIIb)

GIIa (TPE+) (n = 12)

GIIb (TPE−) (n = 12)

p2 (GIIa and GIIb)

Age (years)

60 ± 14

62 ± 12

62 ± 15

0.615

0.951

61 ± 14

64 ± 17

0.605

Male, n (%)

13 (65.0)

14 (77.8)

26 (74.3)

0.386

0.780

8 (66.7)

8 (66.7)

1.000

BMI (kg/m2)

27.3 (5.8)

27.9 (5.5)

27.3 (6.6)

0.290

0.237

28.5 (6.1)

25.0 (6.6)

0.078

CCI

2.5 (4)

3 (3)

4 (3)

0.919

0.422

3.0 ± 2.2

3.8 ± 1.7

0.270

At the ICU admission

 APACHE II

12 ± 4

17 ± 4

17 ± 5

0.002

0.886

17 ± 3.3

17.5 ± 5.6

0.794

 SOFA Score

5 (3)

6 (1)

7 (3)

0.002

0.223

6 (2)

6 (2)

0.713

 PaO2/FiO2 ratio

128 (68)

97 (51)

113 (79)

0.251

0.229

108 (106)

125 (103)

0.551

 SpO2 (%)

89 (5)

91 (7)

89 (5)

0.377

0.597

92 (10)

91 (5)

0.590

 Lactate (mmol/L)

1.4 (0.6)

1.4 (0.7)

1.4 (0.9)

0.988

0.631

1.5 (0.8)

1.3 (0.5)

0.291

 WBC (×103/μL)

9.6 (3.9)

6.9 (6.4)

8.2 (6.5)

0.573

0.353

8.7 ± 4.9

7.4 ± 2.7

0.430

 Lymc (×103/μL)

0.82 ± 0.40

0.80 ± 0.34

0.89 ± 0.42

0.553

0.271

0.83 ± 0.3

0.82 ± 0.5

0.963

 d-dimer (mg/L)&

1.2 (0.3–1.9)

5.0 (2.1–35.2)

7.2 (2.1–35.5)

< 0.001

0.151

4.5 (2.1–35.2)

6.0 (2.2–32.2)

0.514

 Ferritin (ng/mL)

1015 (1735)

1735 (1853)

900 (1454)

0.158

0.018

1742 (2117)

605 (1346)

0.012

 IL-6 (pg/mL)&

28.3 (5.3–1418)(8)

134 (36.2–2958)(13)

254 (33–5233)(13)

0.036

0.101

155 (39.6–2958)(8)

237 (33–4885)(4)

0.933

 CRP (mg/dL)

18.6 ± 10.9

22.2 ± 12.1

27.8 ± 10.4

0.340

0.086

19.2 ± 10.3

24.0 ± 11.0

0.275

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.88 (0.29)

0.87 (0.37)

0.99 (0.82)

0.874

0.051

0.91 ± 0.3

0.90 ± 0.3

0.944

 Urea (mg/dL)

28 (29)

32 (19)

36 (26)

0.942

0.288

28 (32)

35 (14)

0.291

 Number of damaged lobes, n (%)&

3 (2–4)

3 (2–5)

3 (2–5)

0.149

0.118

3 (2–5)

3 (3–5)

0.671

In the first 48 h

 Breath rate/min (max)

34 (6)

33 (9)

33 (5)

0.988

0.713

33 (11)

33 (5)

0.590

 PaO2/FiO2 ratio (min)

117 ± 42

98 ± 30

105 ± 34

0.087

0.376

104 ± 32.4

120 ± 32.5

0.235

 FiO2 (%) (max)

75 (48)

80 (30)

80 (35)

0.082

0.969

80 (25)

80 (30)

0.799

 PEEP (cmH2O) (max)

12 (6)

12 (4)

14 (4)

0.502

0.056

12.0 ± 2.3

13.0 ± 1.9

0.215

 Cdyn (ml/cmH2O) (min)

44 (6)

37 (12)

41 (8)

0.003

0.058

36.3 ± 6.6

39.5 ± 7.0

0.265

In the first week

 WBC (×103/μL) (max)

13.2 (5.8)

11.0 (8.9)

12.6 (6.6)

0.077

0.086

10.4 (10.3)

11.0 (6.7)

0.590

 WBC (×103/μL) (min)

5.9 (2)

6.3 (4)

4.9 (4)

0.718

0.612

6.7 (4.4)

4.6 (1.5)

0.219

 Lymc (×103/μL) (min)

0.48 (0.40)

0.5 (0.28)

0.49 (0.46)

0.919

0.573

0.52 (0.29)

0.45 (0.28)

0.551

 NLCR (max)

16.4 (16.2)

15 (8)

11 (11)

0.460

0.517

13.6 (10.1)

11.6 (11.5)

0.843

 Lactate (mmol/L) (max)

2.1 (0.7)

2.4 (1.1)

2.4 (0.8)

0.087

0.955

2.3 (1.0)

2.4 (1.6)

0.347

 Fluid balance (mL)

3670 (3198)

4552 (2973)

3849 (2196)

0.874

0.441

4174 ± 2907

5331 ± 3170

0.361

 Total fluid (mL/kg/day)

40.7 (9.3)

44.3 (15.5)

44.8 (11)

0.696

0.910

44.8 ± 13.5

48.7 ± 12.0

0.460

Respiratory support (max), n (%)

 IMV

13 (65.0)

16 (88.8)

30 (85.7)

0.084

0.746

11 (91.7)

12 (100)

0.307

 NIMV

3 (15.0)

1 (5.6)

3 (8.6)

0.344

0.694

1 (8.3)

0

0.307

 HFOT

4 (20.0)

1 (5.6)

2 (5.7)

0.188

0.981

0

0

NA

Additional therapies, n (%)

        

 Cytokine filters

1 (5.0)

3 (16.7)

3 (8.1)

0.427

0.434

2 (16.7)

1 (8.3)

0.592

 IL-6 blocker

12 (60.0)

9 (50.0)

20 (57.1)

0.536

0.621

7 (58.3)

6 (50)

0.682

 Steroids

11 (55.0)

10 (55.6)

20 (57.1)

0.357

0.912

7 (58.3)

7 (58.3)

1.000

 Duration of IMV (h)&

168 (0–816)

286 (0–1008)

192 (0–720)

0.1 12

0.067

316 ± 271

278 ± 139

0.671

 AKI, n (%)

7 (35.0)

6 (33.3)

19 (54.3)

0.914

0.148

3 (25)

6 (50)

0.206

 Tracheotomized patients, n (%)

2 (10.0)

2 (11.1)

1 (2.9)

0.911

0.218

1 (8.3)

0 (0)

0.307

 LOS-ICU, (days)&

12 (6–34)

20 (5–42)

11 (7–35)

0.017

0.003

20 ± 10

14 ± 5

0.067

 Mortality, n (%)

1 (5.0)

3 (16.7)

16 (45.7)

0.242

0.037

1 (8.3)

7 (58.3)

0.009

  1. AKI acute kidney injury, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, Cdyn dynamic compliance, CRP C-reactive protein, HFOT high-flow oxygen therapy, ICU intensive care unit, IL-6 interleukin-6, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, LOS length of stay, Lymc lymphocyte count, NIMV non-invasive mechanical ventilation, NLCR neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio, PSM propensity score matching, SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment, TPE therapeutic plasma exchange, WBC white blood cell. Results were given as percentage, mean ± sd, and median (IQR or min-max). &Minimum and maximum values. Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis