Fig. 1

Improvement in FEV₁ (mL) from baseline after inhalation of 400 mcg albuterol via MDI with spacer or doubling doses of albuterol via VMN with HFNC (cumulative doses of 0.5, 1.5, and 3.5 mg). Figure modified from reference [12]. In 42 bronchodilator responsive patients with asthma or COPD, FEV₁ improvement after administration of 400 mcg albuterol via MDI and spacer was higher than that after inhalation of 0.5 mg albuterol via VMN with HFNC, but similar to that observed after inhalation of cumulative doses of 1.5 mg or 3.5 mg of albuterol via VMN with HFNC. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MDI, metered dose inhaler; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in the first second; VMN, vibrating mesh nebulizer; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula