Table 1 Distribution of the responses to the case vignette

 Direct admission to the ICU

 Admission in an intermediate care unit

 Delayed admission to the ICU because of lack of bed

 Patient stays in the emergency department

 Patient admitted in the wards

 I increase the oxygen flow to 15 l/min keeping the face mask

 I change the mask for a Venturi mask

 I start CPAP or noninvasive ventilation

 I start high flow nasal oxygen

 I intubate the patient right away

 I add prone positioning on spontaneous breathing

 I will give neuromuscular blockade for 24–48 h

 I increase and titrate PEEP to optimize recruitment

 I prone the patient immediately

 I am considering ECMO immediately

 Let us wait a little bit

 All my patients receive a broad anti-bacterial agent

 I only give broad anti-bacterial agent to febrile patients

 I only give broad anti-bacterial agent if CRP or PCT are high

 I only give broad anti-bacterials to patients with structural lung diseases

 I never give broad anti-bacterial agent in severe viral infections

 The level of evidence is so low that there is nothing I can give

 I prescribe (hydroxy)chloroquine

 I prescribe lopinavir/ritonavir

 I prescribe remdesivir

 I prescribe another anti-viral drug

6. Are you starting an anti-inflammatory therapy?

 No

 Yes IL-1 or IL-6 blockade

 Yes, complement blockade

 Yes, steroids

 Yes, another anti-inflammatory drug