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Table 1 Patient and hospital characteristics during the intensive care unit for those who survived to hospital discharge

From: Association between delirium in the intensive care unit and subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders

 

Total (n = 4033)

Deliriuma

p value

Characteristic

Delirium (n = 1799)

No delirium (n = 2234)

Patient characteristics on ICU admission

 Age, median (IQR) years

60 (46–71)

60 (46–70)

60 (46–71)

0.85

 Male sex, no. (%)

2744 (68.0)

1278 (71.0)

1466 (65.6)

< 0.001

 Reason for ICU admission, no. (%)b

  Medical

2172 (54.9)

939 (52.8)

1233 (56.7)

< 0.001

  Surgical

1221 (30.9)

449 (25.2)

772 (35.5)

  Neurological

205 (5.2)

143 (8.0)

62 (2.9)

  Trauma

356 (9.0)

249 (14.0)

107 (4.9)

 Comorbidities, no. (%)c

  AIDS

6 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

5 (0.2)

0.24

  Acute myocardial infarction

270 (6.7)

140 (7.8)

130 (5.8)

0.011

  Cancer

587 (14.6)

210 (11.7)

377 (16.8)

< 0.001

  Cerebrovascular disease

201 (5.0)

143 (8.0)

58 (2.6)

< 0.001

  Congestive heart failure

435 (10.8)

206 (11.5)

229 (10.2)

0.19

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

699 (17.3)

321 (17.9)

378 (16.9)

0.38

  Diabetes

518 (12.8)

230 (12.8)

288 (12.9)

0.99

  Diabetes + complications

694 (17.2)

324 (18.1)

370 (16.5)

0.19

  Hemiplegia or paraplegia

90 (2.2)

53 (3.0)

37 (1.7)

0.005

  Metastatic cancer

167 (4.1)

57 (3.2)

110 (4.9)

0.006

  Mild liver disease

196 (4.9)

108 (6.0)

88 (3.9)

0.002

  Moderate/severe liver disease

104 (2.6)

62 (3.5)

42 (1.9)

0.002

  Peptic ulcer disease

153 (3.8)

72 (4.0)

81 (3.6)

0.51

  Peripheral vascular disease

228 (5.7)

106 (5.9)

122 (5.4)

0.52

  Renal disease

207 (5.1)

97 (5.4)

110 (4.9)

0.47

  Rheumatoid disease

61 (1.5)

29 (1.6)

32 (1.4)

0.62

 Charlson Comorbidity Score, median (IQR)

1 (0–3)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–3)

0.17

 SOFA score on ICU admission, median (IQR)

6 (3–9)

7 (5–10)

5 (3–7)

< 0.001

 APACHE II score on ICU admission, median (IQR)

18 (13–23)

20 (15–26)

16 (11–21)

< 0.001

 Glasgow Coma Scale score on ICU admission, median (IQR)

15 (13–15)

14 (11–15)

15 (15–15)

< 0.001

Interventions received in ICU

 Invasive mechanical ventilation

2535 (62.9)

1463 (81.3)

1072 (48.0)

< 0.001

 Non-invasive mechanical ventilation

569 (14.1)

276 (15.3)

293 (13.1)

0.043

 Continuous renal replacement therapy

181 (4.5)

145 (8.1)

36 (1.6)

< 0.001

 Vasoactive medications

1770 (43.9)

1035 (57.5)

735 (32.9)

< 0.001

Hospital characteristics

 ≥ 20 ICU beds, no. (%)

2161 (53.6)

1084 (60.3)

1077 (48.2)

< 0.001

 ≥ 600 hospital beds, no. (%)

2404 (59.6)

1186 (65.9)

1218 (54.5)

< 0.001

 Teaching hospital, no. (%)

3304 (81.9)

1571 (87.3)

1733 (77.6)

< 0.001

 ≥ 24 h in ICU after ready for ICU discharge

1505 (37.3)

695 (38.6)

810 (36.3)

0.12

Patient characteristics on ICU discharge

 Length of ICU stay, median (IQR) days

4.1 (2.3–7.6)

6.6 (3.8–12.4)

2.9 (1.9–4.8)

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: AIDS Auto-immune deficiency syndrome, APACHE II score Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score, ICU Intensive care unit, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
  2. aPatients who scored positive for delirium by the Intensive Care Unit Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) of a score greater than or equal to 4 at any time during the ICU were categorized as ever having delirium
  3. bMutually exclusive categories; 77 patients missing data
  4. cNon-mutually exclusive categories