Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the included studies
Study ID | Country | Study design | No. (HVT/Con) | Patient | Intervention | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HVT group | Control | |||||
Chang 2020, PMID: [32243943] | China | Single-blinded RCT | 40/40 | Adult patients with sepsis or septic shock and procalcitonin PCT ≥ 2 ng/mL | - IV hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 h for 7 days) - IV vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 h for 4 days) - IV thiamine (200 mg every 12 h for 4 days) - Standard care | - Placebo (normal saline) - Standard care |
Fujii 2020, PMID: [31950979] | Australia, New Zealand, Brazil | Multicenter, open-label RCT | 107/104 | Adult patients with septic shock | - IV hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 h for a maximum of 7 days) - IV vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 h for a maximum of 10 days) - IV thiamine (200 mg every 12 h for a maximum of 10 days) - Standard care | - IV hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 h) - Standard care |
Igelesia 2020, PMID: [32194058] | USA | Double-blinded RCT | 68/69 | Adult patients with sepsis or septic shock | - IV hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 h) - IV vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 h) -IV thiamine (200 mg every 12 h) for a maximum of 4 days - Standard care | - Placebo (normal saline) - Standard care |
Wani 2020, PMID: [31990246] | India | Open-label RCT | 50/50 | Adult patients with sepsis or septic shock and serum lactate level of > 2 mmol/L | - IV hydrocortisone (50 mg q 6 hourly for 7 days or until ICU discharge) - IV vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 h for 4 days or until discharge) - IV thiamine (200 mg q 12 hourly for 4 days or until discharge) - Standard care | - Standard care alone |
Litwak 2019, PMID [30970560] | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 47/47 | Adult patient with septic shock | - IV hydrocortisone (200–300 mg every day) - IV vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 h) - IV thiamine (200 mg every 12 h) for 4 days - Standard care | - Standard care and/or IV hydrocortisone |
Marik 2017, PMID: [27940189] | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 47/47 | Adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and PCT > 2 ng/mL | - IV hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 h for 7 days or until ICU discharge) - IV vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 h for 4 days or until ICU discharge) - IV thiamine (200 mg every 12 h for 4 days or until ICU discharge) | - IV hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 h) - Standard care |
Mitchell 2019, PMID: [31469984] | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 38/38 | Adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock | - IV hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 h, 100 mg every 8 h, or 10 mg per h for 7 days) - IV vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 h for 4 days) - IV thiamine (200 mg IV every 1 for 4 days) - Standard care | - IV hydrocortisone - Standard care |
Sadaka 2019, PMID: [31315499] | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 31/31 | Adult patients with septic shock | - IV hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 h for 7 days) - IV vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 h for 4 days) - IV thiamine (200 mg every 12 h for 4 days) - Standard care | - Standard care alone |
Wald 2020, PMID: [31916841] | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 43/43(a)/43(b) | Pediatric patients with septic shock | - IV hydrocortisone (50 mg/m2/day divided every 6 h) - IV vitamin C (30 mg/kg/dose every 6 h for 4 days; maximum 1.5 g/dose) - IV thiamine (4 mg/kg/day for 4 days; maximum 200 mg/dose) - Standard care | a) Hydrocortisone only; b) standard care alone |