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Table 4 Outcomes of invasively ventilated patients by acute respiratory distress syndrome severity at diagnosis

From: Incidence and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units of mainland China: a multicentre prospective longitudinal study

Parameter

ARDS

Mild

Moderate

Severe

P valuea

n = 527

n = 51

n = 250

n = 226

 

Progression of ARDS severity

 Progression to moderate

26/51 (51.0)

26/51 (51.0)

–

–

 

 Progression to severe

128/301 (42.5)

16/51 (31.4)

112/250 (44.8)

–

 

Invasive ventilation-free days to day 28, median (IQR), days

6 (0–22)

21 (0–28)

12 (0–23)

0 (0–18)

0.000

IPPV barotrauma

31 (7.8)

1 (3.3)

15 (8.5)

15 (7.7)

0.5621

 Subcutaneous emphysema

14 (2.6)

0 (0.0)

7 (2.8)

7 (3.0)

0.2362

 Mediastinal emphysema

19 (3.6)

0 (0.0)

8 (3.2)

11 (4.8)

0.0946

 Pneumothorax

23 (4.3)

1 (2.0)

11 (4.4)

11 (4.8)

0.6149

HAI

135 (25.6)

9 (17.6)

58 (23.2)

68 (30.1)

0.089

HAP

117 (22.3)

6 (12.0)

50 (20.0)

61 (27.2)

0.031

CRBSI

23 (4.4)

2 (4.0)

9 (3.6)

12 (5.4)

0.640

BSI

31 (5.9)

3 (5.9)

12 (4.8)

16 (7.1)

0.5889

Intra-abdominal infection

10 (1.9)

1 (2.0)

5 (2.0)

4 (1.8)

0.983

Other HAI

15 (3.0)

1 (2.0)

8 (3.3)

6 (2.8)

0.879

Organ failure

 At least one extrapulmonary organ failure

241 (45.7)

15 (29.4)

104 (41.6)

122 (54.0)

0.001

 Shock

191 (36.3)

14 (27.5)

84 (33.2)

94 (41.8)

0.058

 Kidney

130 (24.7)

5 (9.8)

61 (24.4)

64 (28.4)

0.020

  CRRT

119 (22.6)

10 (19.6)

54 (21.6)

55 (24.3)

0.568

 Liver

57 (10.8)

5 (9.8)

22 (8.8)

30 (13.3)

0.275

 Coagulation

64 (12.2)

5 (9.8)

31 (12.4)

28 (12.4)

0.863

 GCS

38 (7.3)

4 (7.8)

14 (5.6)

20 (9.0)

0.378

ICU length of stay, median (IQR), days

11 (7, 21)

7 (5, 17)

12 (7, 20)

12 (6, 21)

0.080

ICU mortalityc

232 (44.0)

15 (29.4)

96 (38.4)

121 (53.5)

0.000

Hospital length of stay, median (IQR), days

19 (10, 29)

15 (9, 23)

20 (12, 30)

17 (9, 29)

0.049

Hospital mortalityc

244 (46.3)

16 (31.4)

101 (40.4)

127 (56.2)

0.000

Withdrawal of life sustaining careb

92 (17.5)

5 (9.8)

38 (15.2)

49 (21.7)

0.021

Patients except withdrawal

 ICU mortality

140 (32.2)

10 (21.7)

58 (27.4)

72 (40.7)

0.005

 Hospital mortality

152 (34.9)

11 (23.9)

63 (29.7)

78 (44.1)

0.003

  1. ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, IPPV invasive positive pressure ventilation, HAI hospital-acquired infection, HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia, CRBSI catheter-related blood stream infection, BSI blood stream infection, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, GCS Glasgow coma scale, ICU intensive care unit; organ failure: SOFA scores ≥ 3 referring to one organ were defined as failure of that organ
  2. aP value represents comparisons across the ARDS severity categories for each variable
  3. bAll the withdrawal of life sustaining care patients discharged from the hospital were confirmed dead on the day of withdrawal
  4. cWhen ICU and hospital mortality were calculated, the withdrawal patients were included