Table 1 Comparisons of baseline characteristics between the original cohort and matched cohort
Covariates | Original cohort | Matched cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CVP | No CVP | SMD | CVP | No CVP | SMD | |
N | 4516 | 5759 | 2174 | 2174 | ||
Age | 69 (56–79) | 71 (56–82) | 0.079 | 69 (56–80) | 69 (55–81) | 0.003 |
Male (%) | 2473/4516 (54.8) | 2931/5759 (50.9) | 0.078 | 1131/2174 (52) | 1166/2174 (53.6) | 0.032 |
Weight (kg) | 79.5 (66.8–95) | 75 (62.6–90.2) | 0.168 | 78 (65–94) | 77 (64.5–92.5) | 0.020 |
Service unit, n (%) | 0.675 | 0.036 | ||||
MICU | 1811/4516 (40.1) | 3251/5759 (56.5) | 1113/2174 (51.2) | 1095/2174 (50.4) | ||
SICU/TSICU | 1213/4516 (26.9) | 1451/5759 (25.2) | 637/2174 (29.3) | 646/2174 (29.7) | ||
CCU/CSRU | 1492/4516 (33.0) | 1057/5759 (18.3) | 424/2174 (19.5) | 433/2174 (19.9) | ||
Admission period, n (%) | 0.273 | 0.004 | ||||
Before 2008 | 2854/4516 (63.2) | 2868/5759 (49.8) | 1307/2174 (60.1) | 1311/2174 (60.3) | ||
2008–2012 | 1662/4516 (36.8) | 2891/5759 (50.2) | 867/2174 (39.9) | 863/2174 (39.7) | ||
Severity of illness | ||||||
SOFA score | 6 (4–9) | 4 (3–6) | 0.795 | 5 (4–7) | 5 (3–7) | 0.018 |
SAPS II score | 43 (34–54) | 37 (30–46) | 0.465 | 41 (32–49) | 40 (32–50) | 0.008 |
Elixhauser comorbidity score | 7 (3–12) | 7 (2–12) | 0.025 | 7 (3–13) | 7 (3–13) | 0.013 |
Interventions, n (%) | ||||||
MV use (1st 24 h) | 3366/4516 (74.5) | 1971/5759 (34.2) | 0.885 | 1189/2174 (54.7) | 1203/2174 (55.3) | 0.013 |
Vasopressor use (1st 24 h) | 1406/4516 (31.1) | 246/5759 (4.3) | 0.752 | 259/2174 (11.9) | 236/2174 (10.9) | 0.033 |
RRT use (1st 24 h) | 238/4516 (5.3) | 280/5759 (4.9) | 0.019 | 116/2174 (5.3) | 104/2174 (4.8) | 0.025 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
CHF | 996/4516 (22.1) | 1296/5759 (22.5) | 0.011 | 535/2174 (24.6) | 551/2174 (25.3) | 0.002 |
AFIB | 990/4516 (21.9) | 1428/5759 (24.8) | 0.068 | 535/2174 (24.6) | 527/2174 (24.2) | 0.009 |
Chronic renal disease | 608/4526 (13.5) | 1129/5759 (19.6) | 0.166 | 334/2174 (15.4) | 329/2174 (15.1) | 0.006 |
Liver disease | 405/4526 (9.0) | 440/5759 (7.6) | 0.048 | 183/2174 (8.4) | 183/2174 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
COPD | 908/4526 (20.1) | 1272/5759 (22.1) | 0.049 | 477/2174 (21.9) | 458/2174 (21.1) | 0.021 |
Stroke | 151/4526 (3.3) | 231/5759 (4.0) | 0.035 | 90/2174 (4.1) | 83/2174 (3.8) | 0.016 |
Malignancy | 152/4526 (3.4) | 201/5759 (3.5) | 0.007 | 73/2174 (7.4) | 76/2174 (3.5) | 0.008 |
Vital signs | ||||||
MAP (mmHg) | 54 (48–60) | 58 (51–65) | 0.358 | 55 (49–62) | 56 (49–63) | 0.013 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 108 (94–124) | 104 (90–119) | 0.229 | 107 (92–122) | 106 (93–121) | 0.001 |
Temperature (°C) | 37.7 (37.2–38.3) | 37.4 (37–38) | 0.260 | 37.6 (37–38.2) | 37.6 (37–38.2) | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate (bpm) | 28 (24–33) | 27 (24–32) | 0.102 | 28 (24–33) | 28 (24–32) | 0.004 |
Laboratory tests | ||||||
WBC (× 109/L) | 15.2 (10.8–20.8) | 12.2 (8.7–16.9) | 0.253 | 14.5 (10.2–19.7) | 13.1 (9.3–18.2) | 0.046 |
Hemoglobin (× 1012/L) | 9.2 (8–10.5) | 10.2 (8.9–11.6) | 0.486 | 9.7 (8.5–11) | 9.6 (8.4–11) | 0.030 |
Platelet (× 109/L) | 158 (105–231) | 197 (133–270) | 0.277 | 186 (126–257) | 187 (118–261) | 0.028 |
Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 21 (18–23) | 23 (19–26) | 0.435 | 21 (18–24) | 21 (18–24.8) | 0.002 |
Bun (mg/dL) | 26 (17–43) | 26 (17–42) | 0.023 | 27 (17–44) | 26 (17–44) | 0.004 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 0.009 | 1.2 (0.9–2.0) | 1.2 (0.8–2.0) | 0.010 |
Lactate level (mmol/L) | 1.9 (1.3–3.1) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 0.419 | 1.6 (1.2–2.4) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 0.024 |
pH | 7.36 (7.32–7.40) | 7.40 (7.36–7.44) | 0.535 | 7.38 (7.33–7.42) | 7.38 (7.34–7.43) | 0.010 |
pO2 (mmHg) | 131 (98–178) | 109 (84–146) | 0.345 | 117 (90–156) | 117 (90–157) | 0.040 |
pCO2 (mmHg) | 39 (35–43) | 39 (35–44) | 0.132 | 39 (35–44) | 39 (34–44) | 0.004 |
AKI, n (%) | 3488/4526 (77.2) | 3502/5759 (60.8) | 0.361 | 1507/2174 (69.3) | 1489/2174 (68.5) | 0.018 |