Table 1 Characteristics of the patients included in our cohort, according to underlying brain diseases
From: Multimodal non-invasive assessment of intracranial hypertension: an observational study
|  | ALL (n = 100) | TBI (n = 30) | SAH (n = 47) | ICH (n = 23) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age, years | 52 [44–62] | 48 [31–62] | 53 [46–59] | 55 [44–65]a |
Male,n(%) | 55 (55) | 20 (67) | 22 (47) | 11 (57) |
ICU length of stay (days) | 16 [11–23] | 16 [12–23] | 16 [12–23] | 17 [11–23] |
GCS on admission | 8 [5–12] | 7 [4–10] | 9 [5–13] | 9 [7–13] |
Days from admission to ICP assessment | 2 [2–3] | 2 [2–3] | 2 [2–3] | 2 [2–3] |
Comorbidities | ||||
Chronic heart failure,n(%) | 2 (2) | 1 (3) | – | 1 (4) |
Diabetes,n(%) | 8 (8) | – | 4 (9) | 4 (17) |
COPD/asthma,n(%) | 6 (6) | 1 (3) | 4 (9) | 1 (4) |
Chronic hemodialysis,n(%) | – | – | – | – |
Liver cirrhosis,n(%) | 4 (10) | 2 (7) | 2 (4) | – |
HIV,n(%) | 2 (2) | – | 1 (2) | 1 (4) |
Cancer,n(%) | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | – | – |
Alcohol | 16 (16) | 6 (20) | 9 (19) | 1 (4) |
On the day of ICP assessment | ||||
Sedatives,n(%) | 39 (39) | 17 (57) | 19 (40) | 3 (13)a,b |
Opioids,n(%) | 55 (55) | 21 (70) | 24 (51) | 10 (43) |
Barbiturates,n(%) | 7 (7) | 3 (10) | 3 (6) | 1 (4) |
Vasopressors,n(%) | 60 (60) | 22 (73) | 33 (70) | 5 (22)a,b |
NMBAs,n(%) | 11 (11) | 4 (13) | 6 (13) | 1 (4) |
Surgical procedures,n(%) | 43 (43) | 19 (63) | 13 (28)a | 11 (48) |
Decompressive craniectomy,n(%) | 4 (4) | 4 (13) | – | – |
Posterior fossa impairment,n(%) | 10 (10) | 4 (13) | 3 (6) | 3 (13) |
GCS | 7 [3–10] | 6 [3–8] | 7 [3–11] | 9 [3–12] a |
Invasive and non-invasive ICP assessment | ||||
Intracranial pressure, mmHg | 17 [12–25] | 20 [13–26] | 14 [12–23] | 15 [12–23] |
Intracranial hypertension,n(%) | 37 (37) | 15 (50) | 15 (32) | 7 (30) |
Cerebral perfusion pressure, mmHg | 77 [68–88] | 75 [67–86] | 78 [70–90] | 82 [66–91] |
Mean ONSD, mm | 5.2 [4.8–5.8] | 5.2 [4.8–5.7] | 5.2 [4.9–5.9] | 4.8 [4.5–5.6] |
Mean CBFDV, cm/s | 44 [34–56] | 43 [38–52] | 51 [36–60] | 42 [32–50] |
Mean PI | 0.93 [0.83–1.16] | 1.01 [0.90–1.15] | 0.89 [0.81–1.14] | 0.91 [0.83–1.11] |
eICP, mmHg | 18 [13–24] | 19 [15–24] | 16 [12–21] | 18 [13–24] |
Mean NPI | 4.2 [3.8–4.6] | 4.1 [3.6–4.3] | 4.2 [3.6–4.6] | 4.5 [4.0–4.7] |
Morbidity and outcomes | ||||
MV during ICU stay,n(%) | 81 (81) | 23 (77) | 39 (83) | 19 (83) |
Osmotic therapy during ICU stay,n(%) | 63 (63) | 22 (73) | 27 (57) | 14 (61) |
Hypothermia during ICU stay,n(%) | 10 (10) | 1 (3) | 9 (19) a | – |
ICU mortality,n(%) | 30 (30) | 11 (37) | 12 (26) | 7 (30) |
GOS at hospital discharge | 3 [1–4] | 4 [1–4] | 4 [2–5] | 3 [1–4] |