Skip to main content

Table 1 Microbiology and main resistance profile of microorganism causing VAP, VAT and HAP in non-ventilated patients treated in ICU (data from studies published from 2010 to 2019)

From: Update of the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in the ICU

Reference

Type of infection

Microbiology

Ferrer et al. [30]

HAP

S. aureus, 17.7%

P. aeruginosa, 17.7%

E.coli, 6.5%

Enterobacter spp., 4.3%

K. pneumoniae, 3.2%

Esperatti et al. [22]

VAP

P. aeruginosa, 24%

S. aureus, 23%

E. coli, 7%

Enterobacter spp., 6%

H. influenzae, 4%

Restrepo et al. [31]

VAP

S. aureus, 38.7%

H. influenzae, 23.4%

P. aeruginosa, 14.7%

k. pneumoniae, 11.5%

E. coli, 11.1%

MDR, 30%

Quartin et al. [32]*

VAP

S. aureus, 60.3%

P. aeruginosa, 9.4%

Acinetobacter spp., 7.3%

Klebsiella spp., 6.8%

Enterobacter spp., 5.1%

Nseir et al. [33]

VAT

P. aeruginosa, 34.4%

S. aureus, 20.5%

A. baumanii, 11.5%

K. oxytoca, 10.6%

Enterobacter spp., 9.8%

MDR, 36.8%

Martín-Loeches et al. [21]

VAT

P. aeruginosa, 25%

S. aureus, 23%

Klebsiella spp., 15%

E. coli, 12%

Enterobacter spp., 11%

MDR, 61%

VAP

P. aeruginosa, 24%

S. aureus, 24%

Klebsiella spp., 14%

Enterobacter spp., 12%

E. coli, 11%

MDR, 61%

ECDC [18]

VAP

P. aeruginosa, 20.8%

S. aureus, 17.8%

Klebsiella spp., 16.1%

E. coli, 13.3%

Enterobacter spp., 10.3%

Koulenti et al. [29]

HAP

Enterobacteriaceae, 32.9%

S. aureus, 24.9%

P. aeruginosa, 17.4%

A. baumanii, 15.4%

 

ENVIN-HELICS [3]

VAP

P. aeruginosa, 23.8%

S. aureus, 13.5%

Klebsiella spp., 10.3%

E. coli, 9.1%

Enterobacter spp., 8.6%

PIP/TAZ R, 34.1%

Carba R, 37.9%

Colistin R, 8.6%

MRSA, 12.7%

PIP/TAZ R, 50%

Carba R, 23.5%

3°G cef R, 37%

PIP/TAZ R, 21.7%

Carba R, 0%

3°G cef R, 12.5%

 

Pulido et al. [34]

VAP

P. aeruginosa, 21.1%

A. baumanii, 17.9%

K. pneumoniae, 15.6%

S. aureus, 13.3%

E. coli, 7.8%

Huang et al. [35]

VAP

A. baumanii, 33.9%

K. pneumoniae, 23.6%

P. aeruginosa, 19.8%

S. aureus, 7.1%

S. maltophilia, 3.8%

Carba R, 76.4%

Carba R, 44%

Carba R, 59.5%

MRSA, 60%

 

Cantón-Bulnes et al. [36]

VAT

P. aeruginosa, 24.5%

H. influenzae, 18.9%

E. coli, 9.4%

S. aureus, 9.4%

K. pneumoniae, 7.5%

Ibn Saied et al. [37]

VAP

P. aeruginosa, 33.5%

Enterobacteriaceae, 32.3%

S. aureus, 19%

S. pneumoniae, 4.9%

S. maltophilia, 4.7%

  1. carba carbapenem, HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia, MDR multidrug resistant, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAT ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, PIP/TAZ piperacillin/tazobactam, R resistance, 3°G cef 3° generation cephalosporin
  2. *Trial designed to compare MRSA pneumonia treatment, special effort to include patients with MRSA pneumonia