Table 1 Quality assessment and treatment effect estimates from conventional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis for each outcome
Comparisons | No. of RCTs | I2 value | Pooled result from CMA | Direct estimate | Quality | Indirect estimate | Quality5 | NMA estimate | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Re-intubation rate (RR with 95%CI); test for inconsistency in the entire network: P = 0.214 | |||||||||
NIV vs. COT | 9 | 19.8% | 0.62 (0.46, 0.83) | 0.60 (0.42, 0.87) | Moderate1 | 0.35 (0.16, 0.78) | Low6,7 | 0.55 (0.39, 0.77) | Moderate11 |
HFOT vs. COT | 4 | 7.7% | 0.45 (0.27, 0.73) | 0.44 (0.25, 0.77) | Moderate1 | 0.76 (0.40, 1.47) | Low6,7 | 0.55 (0.35, 0.86) | Moderate11 |
NIV vs. HFOT | 3 | 0.0% | 0.82 (0.61, 1.12) | 0.79 (0.45, 1.39) | Low1,2 | 1.37 (0.71, 2.63) | Moderate6 | 1.00 (0.64, 1.54) | Moderate11 |
HFOT+NIV vs. HFOT | 1 | NE | 0.57 (0.37, 0.87) | 0.57 (0.29, 1.12) | Moderate1 | NE8 | 0.57 (0.29, 1.12) | Moderate11 | |
Short-term mortality (RR with 95%CI); test for inconsistency in the entire network: P = 0.355 | |||||||||
NIV vs. COT | 9 | 0.0% | 0.60 (0.41, 0.87) | 0.60 (0.41, 0.87) | Moderate1 | 0.83 (0.46, 1.48) | Low6,7 | 0.66 (0.48, 0.91) | Moderate11 |
HFOT vs. COT | 3 | 0.0% | 0.93 (0.57, 1.52) | 0.93 (0.57, 1.52) | Low1,2 | 0.67 (0.41, 1.09) | Low6,7 | 0.79 (0.56, 1.12) | Low11,12 |
NIV vs. HFOT | 3 | 0.0% | 0.89 (0.65, 1.22) | 0.89 (0.65, 1.22) | Low1,2 | 0.64 (0.35, 1.19) | Low6,7 | 0.84 (0.63, 1.10) | Low11,12 |
HFOT+NIV vs. HFOT | 1 | NE | 1.05 (0.73, 1.50) | 1.05 (0.73, 1.50) | Low1,2 | NE8 | 1.05 (0.73, 1.50) | Low11,12 | |
Post-extubation respiratory failure (RR with 95%CI); test for inconsistency in the entire network: P = 0.684 | |||||||||
NIV vs. COT | 5 | 78.0%a | 0.42 (0.22, 0.81) | 0.43 (0.23, 0.78) | Low1,3 | 0.57 (0.15, 2.16) | Low6,7 | 0.45 (0.27, 0.78) | Low11,12 |
HFOT vs. COT | 3 | 55.0% | 0.52 (0.30, 0.92) | 0.50 (0.23, 1.07) | Moderate1 | 0.37 (0.11, 1.23) | Low6,7 | 0.46 (0.25, 0.84) | Moderate11 |
NIV vs. HFOT | 2 | 36.0% | 1.14 (0.39, 3.32) | 1.15 (0.40, 3.35) | Low1,2 | 0.86 (0.32, 2.25) | Low6,9 | 0.99 (0.50, 1.97) | Low11,12 |
HFOT+NIV vs. HFOT | 1 | NE | 0.71 (0.54, 0.93) | 0.71 (0.24, 2.09) | Moderate1 | NE8 | 0.71 (0.24, 2.09) | Moderate11 | |
Length of ICU stay (MD with 95%CI); test for inconsistency in the entire network: P = 0.255 | |||||||||
NIV vs. COT | 8 | 90.7%a | − 2.18 (− 4.45, 0.09) | − 2.17 (− 4.43, 0.08) | Very Low1,2,3 | 0.91 (− 3.90, 5.72) | Low6,7 | − 1.62 (− 3.68, 0.44) | Very Low11,12,13 |
HFOT vs. COT | 3 | 0.0% | − 0.05 (− 0.83, 0.72) | − 0.24 (− 3.76, 3.28) | Low1,2 | − 3.32 (− 7.30, 0.66) | Very Low6,7,9 | − 1.59 (− 4.25, 1.06) | Low11,12 |
NIV vs. HFOT | 3 | 0.0% | 1.37 (1.03, 1.72) | 1.15 (− 2.13, 4.42) | Moderate1 | − 1.94 (− 6.12, 2.25) | Very Low6,7,9 | −0.03 (− 2.63, 2.58) | Low11,13 |
HFOT+NIV vs. HFOT | 1 | NE | 1.00 (− 0.38, 2.38) | 1.00 (− 4.70, 6.70) | Low1,2 | NE8 | 1.00 (−4.70, 6.70) | Low11,12 | |
Length of in-hospital stay (MD with 95%CI); test for inconsistency in the entire network: P = 0.280 | |||||||||
NIV vs. COT | 4 | 0.0% | − 0.52 (− 3.58, 2.55) | − 0.52 (− 3.58, 2.55) | Low1,2 | 2.02 (− 1.42, 5.46) | Very Low6,10 | 0.61 (−1.68, 2.89) | Very Low11,12,13 |
HFOT vs. COT | 2 | 0.0% | − 0.98 (− 2.17, 0.22) | − 0.98 (− 2.17, 0.22) | Low1,2 | − 3.52 (− 7.97, 0.93) | Very Low6,10 | −1.15 (− 2.30, 0.00) | Low11,12 |
NIV vs. HFOT | 1 | NE | 3.00 (− 0.23, 6.23) | 3.00 (− 0.23, 6.23) | Very low1,4 | 0.46 (− 2.83, 3.75) | Low6,7 | 1.75 (−0.55, 4.06) | Low11,12 |
HFOT+NIV vs. HFOT | 1 | NE | 2.00 (− 0.93, 4.93) | 2.00 (− 0.93, 4.93) | Low1,2 | NE8 | 2.00 (−0.93, 4.93) | Low11,12 | |
Comfort score (MD with 95%CI) | |||||||||
HFOT vs. COT | 2 | 0% | − 1.96 (− 2.44, − 1.49) | ||||||
NIV vs. HFOT | 1 | NE | 1.60 (0.32, 2.88) | ||||||