Table 1 The similarities and the differences in thrombosis and laboratory data between COVID-19 and differential diseases
|  | Primary cause and target of coagulopathy | Thrombo-embolism | Platelet count | D-dimer | PT/aPTT | fibrinogen | Anti-thrombin | Activated complement system/VWF | Antiphospho-lipid antibody | Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COVID-19 | Macrophage/endothelial cell | Microthrombosis/venous thrombosis | ↑〜↓ | ↑ | →〜↑ | ↑ | → | + | + | ↑ |
DIC/SIC | Macrophage/endothelial cell | Microthrombosis | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | →〜↓ | ↓ | – | – | ↑ |
HPS | Inflammatory cytokines | Microthrombosis/venous thrombosis | ↓ | → | → | → | → | – | – | ↑ |
APS | Antiphospho-lipid antibody | Arterial/venous thrombosis | ↓ | → | PT → aPTT ↑ | → | → | – | + | – |
TMA (aHUS/TTP) | Complement system/ADAMTS13 | Microthrombosis/arterial/venous thrombosis | ↓ | →〜↑ | → | → | → | aHUS +/–TTP –/+ | – | – |