| Age | 68 ± 13 | 67 ± 15 | 71 ± 10 | 67 ± 13 | 0.030 |
| Sex | | | | | 0.034 |
| Male | 266 (56.7) | 108 (52.9) | 76 (67.3) | 82 (53.9) | |
| Female | 203 (43.3) | 96 (47.1) | 37 (32.7) | 70 (46.1) | |
| Comorbidities, no. (%) |
| Hypertension | 240 (51.4) | 99 (48.5) | 56 (49.6) | 85 (56.7) | 0.288 |
| Diabetes | 110 (23.6) | 41 (20.1) | 28 (24.8) | 41 (27.3) | 0.268 |
| Coronary artery disease | 84 (18.0) | 44 (21.6) | 20 (17.9) | 20 (13.3) | 0.137 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 52 (11.1) | 13 (6.4) | 8 (7.1) | 31 (20.7) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 42 (9.0) | 21 (10.3) | 8 (7.1) | 13 (8.7) | 0.623 |
| Laboratory results on admission |
| White blood cell count, × 109/L | 9.4 ± 6.0 | 6.9 ± 3.6 | 12.7 ± 8.0 | 10.2 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
| Neutrophil count, × 109/L | 8.5 ± 9.2 | 5.7 ± 6.4 | 12.6 ± 11.9 | 8.6 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count, × 109/L | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 0.002 |
| NLR (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) | 13.1 ± 13.5 | 7.8 ± 9.3 | 21.3 ± 16.0 | 13.9 ± 13.0 | < 0.001 |
| Monocytes, count, × 109/L | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.947 |
| Platelet count, × 109/L | 214 ± 112 | 225 ± 97 | 180 ± 123 | 223 ± 118 | 0.001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 78.7 ± 83.6 | 47.0 ± 51.4 | 116.1 ± 94.2 | 92.6 ± 93.8 | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | 1.9 ± 8.8 | 0.7 ± 4.7 | 2.8 ± 10.5 | 2.7 ± 10.9 | 0.078 |
| ALT (U/L) | 47.1 ± 95.2 | 31.6 ± 30.2 | 80.8 ± 179.1 | 44.3 ± 40.9 | < 0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 60.2 ± 227.0 | 31.2 ± 25.0 | 110.7 ± 429.4 | 60.9 ± 138.3 | 0.019 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 14.7 ± 11.5 | 11.0 ± 5.7 | 18.1 ± 13.2 | 16.8 ± 14.1 | < 0.001 |
| Direct bilirubin (μmol/L) | 8.1 ± 7.5 | 5.0 ± 5.1 | 9.9 ± 9.2 | 10.6 ± 7.3 | < 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 32.0 ± 5.6 | 32.7 ± 4.6 | 30.1 ± 7.0 | 32.4 ± 5.4 | < 0.001 |
| d-dimer (μg/mL) | 5.9 ± 11.9 | 3.1 ± 5.3 | 13.2 ± 20.5 | 4.5 ± 7.0 | 0.276 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 8.7 ± 4.7 | 7.1 ± 3.3 | 10.3 ± 6.8 | 9.5 ± 3.9 | < 0.001 |
| Serum creatine (Scr) (μmol/L) | 128.3 ± 190.7 | 124.5 ± 197.5 | 119.2 ± 165.2 | 140.2 ± 199.9 | 0.636 |
| SOFA score on day 1 | 4.2 ± 3.1 | 2.2 ± 2.2 | 6.0 ± 3.0 | 5.5 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), no. (%) | 44 (9.4) | 6 (2.9) | 30 (26.5) | 8 (5.3) | < 0.001 |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), no. (%) | 10 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (8.8) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 20.4 ± 13.2 | 27.3 ± 14.7 | 17.9 ± 12.3 | 16.1 ± 9.6 | < 0.001 |
| Mortality, no. (%) | 179 (38.2) | 13 (6.4) | 104 (92.0) | 62 (40.8) | < 0.001 |
