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Table 2 Published case reports on the use of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) to treat sepsis (other than sepsis secondary to Clostridioides difficile infection)

From: The gut microbiome’s role in the development, maintenance, and outcomes of sepsis

Author, year [citation]

Location

Patient age, sex, comorbidity

ICU complications

Sepsis etiology

Gut microbiome changes with FMT

Outcome

Li, 2014 [80]

China

29F, UC

Bacteremia, shock

Unclear; prolonged diarrhea

• Pre: few anaerobes, abundant pathogens including Enterobacter

Clinical improvement

• Post: shifted to donor stool; increased Bacteroides and Firmicutes

Li, 2015 [43]

China

44F, s/p proximal gastrectomy and vagotomy for NET

Shock, respiratory failure (V-V ECMO), AKI (CRRT)

Unclear; prolonged diarrhea

• Pre: few anaerobes, abundant pathogens including Enterobacter and Klebsiella

Clinical improvement

• Post: increased Firmicutes; decreased pathobionts

Wei, 2016 [82]

China

65M, hemorrhagic CVA

Shock, respiratory failure, bacteremia

Unclear; prolonged diarrhea

• Pre: different from donor

Clinical improvement

• Post: increased Firmicutes, Bacteroides

Wei, 2016 [82]

China

84M, ischemic CVA

AKI (CRRT)

Unclear; prolonged diarrhea

• Pre: different from donor

Clinical improvement

• Post: increased Firmicutes, decreased pathobionts

Gopalsamy, 2018 [81]

USA

57M, TBI

MDRO infection, respiratory failure

Pneumonia

Not studied

Death

  1. AKI acute kidney injury, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, CVA cerebrovascular accident, F female, ECMO extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, FMT fecal microbiota transplant, ICU intensive care unit, M male, MDRO multi-drug resistant organism, NET neuroendocrine tumor, TBI traumatic brain injury, UC ulcerative colitis, USA United States of America, V-V veno-venous