Fig. 5

Markers of autophagy. mRNA and protein expression of autophagy-related genes in whole blood and isolated white blood cells are shown for healthy controls and patients. Results are expressed relatively to the median of 23 fed healthy controls. Patient results are shown as lines representing the means and bars representing the standard errors of the means. For controls, the grey areas represent the standard errors of the means in fed (solid grey) and fasted (patterned grey) conditions. Interaction p values are higher than 0.05 for all studied genes (see the “Results” section for exact p values)