|
Demographic data
|
|
Age (years)
|
69 [58–79]
|
67 [55–77]
|
71 [61–81]
|
0.1
|
|
Male
|
122 (66)
|
66 (66)
|
56 (67)
|
0.9
|
|
Hypertension
|
93 (49)
|
57 (57)
|
36 (43)
|
0.07
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
51 (28)
|
28 (28)
|
23 (27)
|
0.9
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
15 (8)
|
6 (6)
|
9 (9)
|
0.2
|
|
Chronic kidney disease
|
23 (12)
|
10 (10)
|
13 (15)
|
0.3
|
|
Historical serum creatinine concentration (μmol/l)
|
80 [69–97]
|
77 [65–88]
|
87 [71–97]
|
0.03
|
|
Historical eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)
|
77 [72–98]
|
79 [74–103]
|
76 [67–89]
|
0.03
|
|
Mode of admission
|
|
Medical admission
|
168 (91)
|
92 (92)
|
76 (90)
|
0.1
|
|
Ward
|
48 (26)
|
22 (22)
|
26 (31)
|
0.2
|
|
Emergency room
|
82 (45)
|
48 (48)
|
34 (40)
|
0.3
|
|
Direct admission to ICU
|
30 (16)
|
20 (20)
|
10 (12)
|
0.1
|
|
Transferred from another center
|
24 (13)
|
10 (10)
|
14 (17)
|
0.2
|
|
Primary source of sepsis
|
|
Pulmonary
|
105 (57)
|
58 (58)
|
47 (56)
|
0.8
|
|
Urinary
|
22 (12)
|
13 (13)
|
9 (11)
|
0.6
|
|
Intra-abdominal
|
37 (20)
|
17 (17)
|
20 (24)
|
0.2
|
|
Soft tissue
|
15 (8)
|
6 (6)
|
9 (11)
|
0.2
|
|
Germ identification
|
112 (61)
|
60 (60)
|
52 (62)
|
0.8
|
|
Gram-negative/Gram-positive
|
65/50
|
33/27
|
32/23
|
0.7
|
|
ICU management
|
|
Time from vasopressor initiation to inclusion (h)
|
1.0 [0.0–3.0]
|
2.0 [0.0–3.5]
|
1.0 [0.0–3.0]
|
0.2
|
|
Perfusion fluid received before inclusion (ml/kg)
|
13.3 [5.8–21.0]
|
14.4 [5.1–19.8]
|
12.3 [5.9–23.2]
|
0.9
|
|
Contrast agent exposure before inclusion
|
36 (20)
|
20 (20)
|
16 (19)
|
0.9
|
|
Norepinephrine dose at inclusion (μg/kg/min)
|
0.36 [0.19–0.75]
|
0.32 [0.19–0.55]
|
0.46 [0.19–0.90]
|
0.05
|
|
SAPS II score
|
55 [42–69]
|
50 [39–60]
|
61 [50–75]
|
< 0.001
|
|
Baseline SOFA score
|
10 [8–12]
|
9 [8–11]
|
11 [9–13]
|
< 0.001
|
|
Baseline SOFA without renal component
|
8 [7–10]
|
8 [6–10]
|
9 [7–11]
|
0.01
|
|
Baseline lactate concentration (mmol/l)
|
2.0 [1.4–3.5]
|
1.8 [1.3–3.1]
|
2.6 [1.5–4.1]
|
0.007
|
|
Mechanical ventilation
|
101 (55)
|
50 (50)
|
51 (61)
|
0.1
|
|
Use of loop diuretics at 24 h
|
10 (5)
|
6 (6)
|
4 (5)
|
0.6
|
|
Perfusion fluid at 24 h (ml/kg)
|
33.3 [14.3–57.2]
|
31.5 [14.3–57.8]
|
33.8 [14.8–57.2]
|
0.7
|
|
Fluid balance at 24 h (ml/kg)
|
9.7 [− 12.7–33.1]
|
0.7 [− 18.8–21.7]
|
23.1 [− 1.5–49.3]
|
< 0.001
|
|
Fluid overload (> 10%) at 24 h
|
92 (50)
|
36 (36)
|
56 (67)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Norepinephrine dose at 24 h (μg/kg/min)
|
0.18 [0.04–0.72]
|
0.13 [0.02–0.36]
|
0.45 [0.09–1.15]
|
< 0.001
|
|
Fluid balance at 48 h (ml/kg)
|
0.8 [− 30.7–33.1]
|
− 17.6 [− 42.8–14.5]
|
22.1 [− 8.3–55.3]
|
< 0.001
|
|
Fluid overload (> 10%) at 48 h
|
78 (42)
|
29 (29)
|
49 (58)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Kidney function
|
|
Baseline urine output (ml/kg/h)
|
0.59 [0.27–1.10]
|
0.83 [0.52–1.65]
|
0.31 [0.13–0.62]
|
< 0.001
|
|
Baseline serum creatinine concentration (μmol/l)
|
150 [111–216]
|
133 [107–178]
|
183 [120–239]
|
0.002
|
|
Baseline serum urea concentration (mmol/l)
|
13.7 [9.2–19.2]
|
12.7 [9.0–18.1]
|
15.0 [9.9–21.2]
|
0.1
|
|
Urine output at 24 h (ml/kg/h)
|
0.72 [0.34–1.33]
|
1.08 [0.65–1.51]
|
0.43 [0.06–0.84]
|
< 0.001
|
|
KDIGO stage at inclusion
| | | |
0.01
|
|
Mild AKI
|
94 (51)
|
61 (61)
|
33 (39)
| |
|
Moderate AKI
|
55 (30)
|
24 (24)
|
31 (37)
| |
|
Severe AKI
|
35 (19)
|
15 (15)
|
20 (24)
| |
|
Serum creatinine concentration at 24 h (μmol/l)*
|
121 [86–180]
|
95 [75–125]
|
181 [140–258]
|
< 0.001
|
|
Kinetic eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)*
|
55 [35–89]
|
76 [54–95]
|
28 [15–49]
|
< 0.001
|
|
Renal replacement therapy within 72 h
|
30 (16)
|
2 (2)
|
28 (33)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Outcome
|
|
In-ICU mortality
|
55 (30)
|
14 (14)
|
41 (49)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Mortality at D28
|
54 (29)
|
14 (14)
|
40 (48)
|
< 0.001
|
