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Table 1 Baseline characteristics for steroid treatment and non-steroid treatment groups comprising critically ill patients with COVID-19 before and after propensity score matching

From: Adjuvant corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19

 

Cohort study

Case-control study (PSM)

 

Steroid (151)

Non-steroid (93)

P

Steroid (31)

Non-steroid (31)

P

Age, years

64 (53–71)

59 (47–69)

.09

57 (51–69)

58 (50–67)

.98

Gender, male

83 (55)

45 (48)

.39

16 (52)

16 (52)

1

Signs and symptoms

 Fever

136 (90)

81 (87)

.61

30 (97)

26 (84)

.2

 Dry cough

112 (74)

57 (61)

.05

21 (68)

21 (68)

1

 Dyspnea

94 (62)

53 (57)

.5

20 (65)

19 (61)

1

 Fatigue

70 (46)

48 (52)

.51

12 (39)

13 (42)

1

 Expectoration

69 (46)

30 (32)

.05

12 (39)

12 (39)

1

 Diarrhea

45 (30)

22 (24)

.37

10 (32)

7 (23)

.57

 Anorexia

42 (28)

25 (27)

.99

5 (16)

8 (26)

.53

Original comorbidities

 Hypertension

61 (40)

34 (37)

.64

16 (52)

12 (39)

.44

 Diabetes

34 (23)

10 (11)

.03

4 (13)

7 (23)

.51

 CVD

15 (10)

13 (14)

.45

2 (7)

2 (7)

1

 COPD

9 (6)

3 (3)

.51

0

1 (3)

1

Vital signs

 T, °C

37.0 (36.2–38)

36.7 (36.4–37.3)

.02

37 (36.5–37.6)

37 (36.5–37.3)

.93

 Breathing, rpm

22 (20–25)

20 (20–22)

< .01

21 (20–24)

20 (20–22)

.08

 Pulse, bpm

92 (82–105)

88 (78–98)

.03

95 (78–106)

93 (82–100)

.51

 SpO2/FiO2

259 (121–303)

297 (279–388)

< .01

291 (212–452)

294 (246–396)

.57

Laboratory findings (WBCs, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, × 109/L)

 WBCs

6.7 (4.9–8.9)

5.0 (4.0–6.5)

< .01

6.6 (4.0–8.6)

5.1 (3.5–6.8)

.12

 Lymphocytes

0.7 (0.5–1.0)

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

< .01

0.9 (0.5–1.3)

1.1 (0.6–1.2)

.64

 Neutrophils

5.4 (3.6–7.6)

3.2 (2.4–4.2)

< .01

5.2 (2.6–7.4)

3.5 (2.3–4.7)

.09

 Platelets

181 (138–248)

224 (170–298)

< .01

168 (138–214)

206 (155–230)

.23

 HGB, g/L

130 (117–141)

127 (117–139)

.42

128 (118–138)

125 (117–133)

.56

Organ function damage

 ARDS

81 (54)

6 (7)

< .01

12 (39)

6 (19)

.16

 Septic shock

69 (46)

2 (2)

< .01

8 (26)

2 (7)

.08

 Myocardial infarction

64 (42)

3 (3)

< .01

10 (32)

3 (10)

.06

 AKI

46 (31)

5 (5)

< .01

8 (26)

3 (10)

.18

 DIC

39 (26)

2 (2)

< .01

6 (19)

2 (7)

.26

 Liver injury

28 (19)

6 (7)

< .01

7 (23)

3 (10)

.3

Treatment

 Anti-bacteria

142 (94)

42 (45)

< .01

25 (81)

26 (84)

1

 Gamma globulin

84 (56)

8 (9)

< .01

11 (36)

8 (26)

.58

 MV

78 (52)

4 (4)

< .01

11 (36)

4 (13)

.08

 Muscle relaxant

25 (17)

0

< .01

4 (13)

0

.12

 HFNC

21 (14)

1 (1)

< .01

6 (19)

1 (3)

.11

  1. Abbreviations: CVD cardiovascular disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, WBCs white blood cells, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, AKI acute kidney injury, DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, MV mechanical ventilation, HFNC high flow nasal cannula
  2. Continuous variables were described as the median (IQR) while categorical variables were expressed as frequencies (%). Hypothesis testing using Fisher’s exact test for categorical data and Mann-Whitney test for continuous data
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