Table 1 Perioperative changes in sublingual perfused vessel density (PVD), functional capillary density (FCD), and proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) per study
From: Microcirculatory perfusion disturbances following cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review
Study | n | Technique | Study groups | Pre-CPB | CPB | Post-CPB | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Induction | Onset of CPB | End of CPB | Post-CPB | ICU | 24 h after surgery | 48 h after surgery | 72 h after surgery | ||||
Atasever et al. [12] | 24 | SDF | CABG | – | ↓ FCD | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Bauer et al. [13] | 47 | OPS | CS | – | ~ FCD | ↓ FCD | ~ FCD | – | – | – | – |
Bienz et al. [28] | 16 | SDF | CABG | ~ PVD | ~ PVD | ~ PVD | ~ PVD | ~ PVD | – | – | – |
De Backer et al. [14] | 9 | OPS | CS | ↓ PVD/PPV | ↓ PVD/PPV | – | ↓ PVD/PPV | ↓ PVD/PPV | ~ PVD, ↓ PPV | – | – |
Dekker et al. [15] | 17 | SDF | CABG | ~ PVD/PPV | ↓ PVD/PPV | – | ↓ PVD/PPV | ↓ PVD/PPV | ↓ PVD/PPV | – | ↓ PVD/PPV |
Donndorf et al. [16] | 40 | OPS | CABG | – | ↓ FCD | ↓ FCD | ~ FCD | – | – | – | – |
|  |  | CABG with MECC | – | ↓ FCD | ~ FCD | ~ FCD | – | – | – | – | |
Donndorf et al. [17] | 20 | OPS | AVR | – | ↓ FCD | ↓ FCD | ~ FCD | – | – | – | – |
|  |  | AVR with MECC | – | ↓ FCD | ↓ FCD | ~ FCD | – | – | – | – | |
Holmgaard et al. [21] | 30 | SDF | CABG with HMAP | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | – | – | – |
|  |  | CABG with LMAP | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | – | – | – | |
Koning et al. [24] | 33 | SDF | CABG non-pulsatile CPB | – | ~ PVD | ~ PVD | ↓ PVD | ↓ PVD | – | – | – |
|  |  | CABG pulsatile CPB | – | ~ PVD | ~ PVD | ~ PVD | ~ PVD | – | – | – | |
Koning et al. [31] | 13 | SDF | CABG |  | ~ PVD | ↓ PVD | ↓ PVD | ↓ PVD | – | – | – |
Koning et al. [26] | 24 | SDF | CABG non-pulsatile CPB | – | ↓ PVD | – | ↓ PVD | – | – | – | – |
|  |  | CABG pulsatile CPB | – | ↓ PVD | – | ~ PVD | – | – | – | – | |
Mohamed et al. [22] | 70 | SDF | CABG regular anesthesia | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | – | – | – |
|  |  | CABG dexmedetomidine | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | – | – | – | |
O’Neil et al. [18] | 20 | OPS | CS with non-pulsatile CPB | – | ~ PPV | ~ PPV | ↓ PPV | ↓ PPV | ↓ PPV | ↓ PPV | – |
|  |  | CS with pulsatile CPB | – | ~ PPV | ~ PPV | ~ PPV | ~ PPV | ~ PPV | ~ PPV | – | |
O’Neil et al. [19] | 20 | OPS | CS with non-pulsatile CPB | – | ~ PPV | ↓ PPV | ↓ PPV | – | ↓ PPV | – | – |
|  |  | CS with pulsatile CPB | – | ~ PPV | ~ PPV | ~ PPV | – | ~ PPV | – | – | |
Özarslan et al. [20] | 30 | OPS | CABG sevoflurane | ~ PVD/PPV | ~ PVD, ↓ PPV | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | – |
|  |  | CABG isoflurane | ~ PVD/PPV | ↓ PVD/PPV | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | – | |
|  |  | CABG desflurane | ~ PVD/PPV | ↓ PVD/PPV | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – | ~ PVD/PPV | – |  | |
Prestes et al. [23] | 22 | SDF | CS | – | ~ PVD/PPV | ~ PVD/PPV | ~ PVD/PPV | – | – | – | – |
Yuruk et al. [27] | 20 | SDF | CABG | – | ↓ PVD | – | ~ PVD | – | – | – | – |
|  |  | CABG with MECC | – | ~ PVD | – | ~ PVD | – | – | – | – | |