Table 1 Characteristics of the 8 COVID-19 patients who developed massive pulmonary embolism
From: Severe pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: a call for increased awareness
Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 5 | Patient 6 | Patient 7 | Patient 8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | ||||||||
Age | 60 | 64 | 41 | 59 | 65 | 61 | 55 | 49 |
Gender | M | M | M | F | M | F | F | F |
BMI, kg/m2 | 32 | 27 | 31 | 39 | 32 | 27 | 33 | 30 |
Comorbidities | ||||||||
Hypertension | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Diabetes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Active smoker | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Heart disease | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Stroke | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Clinical characteristics at the time of PE diagnosis | ||||||||
MV duration, days | 7 | 8 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 1 |
Reason for pulmonary embolism suspicion* | 1, 2, 3 | 1, 3 | 1, 2 | 1 | 4 | 2, 3 | 1, 2, 3 | 1 |
Norepinephrine, mg/h | 50 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | 5 |
Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
On VV-ECMO for severe ARDS | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Anticoagulant therapy | Dalteparin, 5000 U/day | UFH, 12,000 U/day | Enoxaparin, 6000 U/day | UFH, 12,000 U/day | None | Enoxaparin, 6000 U/day | Enoxaparin, 8000 U/day | Enoxaparin, 8000 U/day |
Laboratory findings at the time of PE diagnosis | ||||||||
D-dimers, ng/mL | – | 7280 | 16,450 | > 20,000 | – | 15,360 | > 20,000 | > 20,000 |
Fibrinogen, g/dl | 8.7 | 7.8 | 9.8 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 8.2 | 6.3 | 2.5 |
aPTT ratio** | 1.05 | 1.18 | 1.27 | 1.14 | – | – | 1.23 | 1.2 |
Anti-Xa activity, U/mL | – | < 0.2 | – | < 0.2 | – | – | < 0.2 | < 0.2 |
Troponin, ng/L | < 13 | 28 | 131 | 59 | 13 | 16 | 42 | 168 |
White blood cell count, G/L | 13.8 | 16.1 | 16.5 | 23.4 | 6.1 | 11 | 17.5 | 12.8 |
Neutrophils, g/dl | 13 | 14.4 | 14.2 | 20.6 | 3.4 | 9.9 | 15.3 | 10.9 |
Lymphocytes, g/dl | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 7.4 | 7 | 10.5 |
Platelet count, × 103/μL | 244 | 610 | 242 | 128 | 114 | 237 | 335 | 228 |
pH | 7.06 | 6.94 | 7.41 | 7.45 | 7.27 | 7.29 | 7.2 | 7.06 |
pCO2, mmHg | 63 | 59 | 41 | 40 | 43 | 70 | 79 | 36 |
pO2, mmHg | 40 | 75 | 54 | 66 | 84 | 60 | 60 | 177 |
PO2/FiO2 | 40 | 75 | 54 | 69 | NA | 66 | 60 | 177 |
Lactate, mmol/L | 28 | 9 | 2 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 8.5 |
ASAT, U/L | 37 | 43 | 108 | 71 | 53 | 63 | 62 | 2509 |
ALAT, U/L | 23 | 29 | 45 | 67 | 24 | 42 | 96 | 1207 |
LDH, U/L | – | 512 | 821 | 894 | 264 | 388 | 541 | 5884 |
Total bilirubin, mmol/L | 8 | 61 | 12 | 16 | 22 | 41 | 8 | 25 |
Creatinine kinase, IU/L | 34 | 103 | 3648 | 105 | 41 | 234 | 203 | 151 |
Outcomes | ||||||||
Received VA-ECMO for PE-associated shock | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Current status as of April 6, 2020 | Dead | Dead | In ICU, ongoing MV and ECMO | In ICU, ongoing MV and ECMO | Dead | In ICU, ongoing MV and ECMO | In ICU, ongoing MV and ECMO | In ICU, ongoing MV and ECMO |