Table 1 Comparison of hematological and biochemical parameters in V-V ECMO and SARS-CoV-2 induced ARDS
From: COVID-19 and ECMO: the interplay between coagulation and inflammation—a narrative review
V-V ECMO
| SARS-CoV-2 ARDS
| |
Hematological findings | ||
White blood cell count | Initial ↑ | ↑ |
Lymphocyte | ↓ | ↓↓ |
Neutrophil | Initial ↑ | ↑ |
Neutrophil activation | Initial ↑ | ? |
Monocyte | Initial ↑ | ∽ |
CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, T cells | ↓ | ↓↓ |
Natural killer cells | ↓ | ∽ ↓ |
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | ↑ | ↑ |
Hemoglobin and red blood cell count | ↓ | ∽ |
Platelet count | ↓ | ↓∽ |
Coagulation and anticoagulation | ||
Platelet activation | ↑ | ? |
Platelet aggregation | ↓ | ? |
Platelet activation factor | ↑ | ? |
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia | ↑ | ? |
Von Willebrand factor | ↓ | ? |
D-dimer | ↑ | ↑↑ |
Fibrin degradation products | ↑↑ | |
Activated partial thromboplastin time | ↑ | ∽ |
Prothrombin time | ∽ | |
Thrombospondin | ↓ | ? |
Fibronectin | ↓ | ? |
Thrombin | ↑ | ? |
Fibrinogen | Initial ↓ | ↑ |
High molecular weight kininogen | ↑ | ? |
Prekallikrein | ↓ | ? |
Kallikrein | ↑ | ? |
FVIII | ↓ | ? |
FX | ↑ | ? |
FXI | ↓ | ? |
FXIa | ↑ | ? |
FXII | ↓ | ? |
FXIIa | Rapid ↑ | ? |
FXIII | ↓ | ? |
Antithrombin | Initially ↓ (UFH) | ↓ |
C-protein | ↑↓ | ? |
Activated clotting time | ↑ | ? |
R-time thromboelastography | ↑ | ? |
Inflammatory response | ||
Tissue factor | ↑∽ | ? |
Bradykinin | ↑ | ? |
TNF-alpha | ↑ | ∽↑ |
IFN-gamma | ? | ↑ (4–6 days after presentation) |
IL-1-beta | ↑ | ↓↓ |
IL-2 | ? | ↑ 4–6 days after presentation |
IL-2R | ? | ↑ |
IL-4 | ? | ∽ |
IL-6 | ↑ | ↑↑ |
IL-8 | ↑ | ? |
IL-10 | ↑ | ↑ |
IgE | ↓ | ? |
IgA | ? | ∽ |
IgG | ? | ∽↑ |
IgM | ? | ∽ |
Complement | ∽↑ | ∽ |
