Table 3 Characteristics of the inciting septic insult by site of infection. APACHE Acute Physiology Age Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
From: Phenotypic heterogeneity by site of infection in surgical sepsis: a prospective longitudinal study
|  | Overall, n = 316 | Abdominal, n = 140 (44%) | Pulmonary, n = 59 (19%) | S/ST, n = 56 (18%) | GU, n = 40 (12%) | Vascular, n = 21 (7%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sepsis present on admission (≤ 48 h), n (%) | 204 (65) | 94 (67) | 17 (29) | 49 (87) | 31 (78) | 13 (62) | < 0.01 |
Hospital-acquired sepsis (> 48 h), n (%) | 112 (35) | 46 (33) | 42 (71) | 7 (13) | 9 (22) | 8 (38) | < 0.01 |
Sepsis severity, n (%) | |||||||
 Sepsis | 95 (30) | 38 (27) | 18 (30) | 14 (25) | 16 (40) | 9 (43) | 0.31 |
 Severe sepsis | 138 (44) | 61 (44) | 28 (48) | 25 (45) | 16 (40) | 8 (38) | 0.94 |
 Septic shock | 83 (26) | 41 (29) | 13 (22) | 17 (30) | 8 (20) | 4 (19) | 0.59 |
Max lactate (within 24 h), median (25th, 75th) | 2.1 (1.5,3.4) | 2.7 (1.8,4.2) | 1.5 (1.2,2.2) | 2 (1.4,2.8) | 2.5 (1.7,3.8) | 2.1 (1.3,3) | < 0.01 |
Max lactate (within 24 h) > 2, n (%) | 169 (54) | 89 (64) | 19 (32) | 26 (46) | 24 (60) | 11 (52) | < 0.01 |
APACHE II score (24 h), median (25th, 75th) | 17 (11,23) | 17 (12, 23) | 20 (14,25) | 16 (10, 22) | 13 (10,20) | 21 (13,24) | 0.02 |
SOFA score (24 h), median (25th, 75th) | 7 (5,10) | 7 (4, 10) | 8 (6, 10) | 6 (5, 10) | 6 (4, 8) | 8 (6,9) | < 0.05 |
Emergency surgery within 24 h, n (%) | 160 (51) | 64 (46) | 27 (46) | 45 (80) | 15 (38) | 9 (43) | < 0.01 |
Sepsis source control procedure, n (%) | 215 (68) | 124 (89) | 4 (7) | 53 (95) | 18 (45) | 16 (76) | < 0.01 |
 Invasive procedures | 152 (71) | 87 (70) | 3 (75) | 45 (85) | 1 (6) | 16 (100) | < 0.01 |
 Non-invasive procedures | 63 (29) | 37 (30) | 1 (25) | 8 (15) | 17 (94) | 0 (0) | < 0.01 |
Culture positive, n (%) | 197 (62) | 65 (46) | 39 (66) | 41 (73) | 33 (83) | 19 (90) | < 0.01 |
 Bacterial—gram positive | 47 (24) | 14 (21) | 10 (26) | 14 (34) | 2 (6) | 7 (37) | < 0.01 |
 Bacterial—gram negative | 80 (41) | 20 (31) | 25 (64) | 4 (10) | 23 (70) | 8 (42) | < 0.01 |
 Fungal | 10 (5) | 5 (8) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 3 (9) | 1 (5) | 0.20 |
 Polymicrobial | 60 (30) | 26 (40) | 4 (10) | 22 (54) | 5 (15) | 3 (16) | < 0.01 |