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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: COVID-19 patients exhibit less pronounced immune suppression compared with bacterial septic shock patients

Characteristics

All patients (n = 24)

Age, years

69 [61–73]

Sex

 Female

6 (25%)

 Male

18 (75%)

Body mass index, kg/m2

27.5 [24.3–31.1]

Any comorbidities

19 (79%)

 Diabetes

7 (29%)

 Hypertension

6 (25%)

 Cardiovascular disease

7 (29%)

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

3 (13%)

 Malignancy

10 (42%)

 Chronic liver disease

0 (0%)

 Chronic kidney disease

1 (4%)

 Immunocompromised*

5 (17%)

APACHE II

17 [11–21]

Time from illness onset to ICU admission, days

11 [8–13]

Medication use

 Norepinephrine use

20 (83%)

  Maximum infusion rate in first 24 h on ICU, μg/kg/min

0.11 [0.07–0.21]

 Corticosteroids

1 (4%)

 Remdesivir

3 (13%)

 Chloroquine

19 (79%)

 Anakinra

1 (4%)

Symptoms and (laboratory) parameters

 Heart rate, bpm

83 [71–112]

 Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

77 [72–81]

 Fluid balance in first 24 h on ICU, mL

1348 [680–1881]

 Urine output in first 24 h on ICU, mL

1105 [888–1486]

 Creatinine, μmol/L

86 [70–133]

 Dialysis

0 (0%)

 Mechanical ventilation (invasive)

24 (100%)

  Tidal volume, mL/kg

5.3 [4.4–6.0]

  Respiratory rate, bpm

21 [20–24]

  PEEP, cm H2O

12 [10–14]

  FiO2, %

50 [41–60]

 P/F ratio

164 [136–189]

  100–200

20 (83%)

  200–300

4 (17%)

 Thrombocytes, 109/L

239 [151–274]

 Leukocytes, 109/L

8.2 [5.3–11.6]

 C-reactive protein, mg/L

301 [157–316]

 Procalcitonin, μg/L

0.72 [0.29–3.66]

 Ferritin, μg/L

1216 [488–1834]

 Lactate (highest over last 24 h), mmol/L

1.2 [1.1–1.7]

 D-dimer, ng/mL

3075 [1780–4598]

 Troponin I, ng/L

23 [13–44]

 Albumin, g/L

20 [17–22]

 Alanine aminotransferase, U/L

34 [21–41]

 Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L

48 [31–73]

 Creatinine kinase, U/L

136 [56–357]

 Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L

398 [303–499]

Outcome parameters

 Secondary infections

0 (0%)

 Death

2 (8%)

  1. Data were obtained at study inclusion and are presented as n (%) or median [IQR]
  2. *Chronic use of immunosuppressive medication