Data available | All patients | AKI stage 2 or 3 at 24 h (n = 49) | AKI stage 0 or 1 at 24 h (n = 611) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 660 | 64 [53–73] | 68 [57–77] | 64 [52–73] | 0.038 |
Male sex | 660 | 410/660 (62.1%) | 35/49 (71.4%) | 375/611 (61.4%) | 0.172 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 658 | 26.1 [23.4–29.4] | 26.3 [24.4–30.9] | 26.1 [23.4–29.4] | 0.275 |
Baseline creatinine (μmol/L) | 393 | 75 [61–95] | 81 [68–107] | 75 [60–93] | 0.028 |
Baseline Cr with missing values imputed* (μmol/L) | 660 | 82 [69–95] | 90 [74–99] | 81 [69–95] | 0.058 |
Diabetes mellitus | 660 | 139/660 (21.2%) | 11/49 (22.4%) | 128/611 (20.9%) | 0.855 |
Arteriosclerosis | 650 | 90/650 (13.6%) | 10/48 (20.8%) | 80/602 (13.3%) | 0.189 |
CKD | 659 | 41/659 (6.2%) | 4/49 (8.2%) | 37/610 (6.1%) | 0.535 |
Chronic liver disease | 654 | 20/654 (3.0%) | 1/49 (2.0%) | 19/605 (3.1%) | > 0.999 |
Hypertension | 652 | 304/652 (46.1%) | 24/49 (49.0%) | 280/603 (46.4%) | 0.767 |
Systolic heart failure | 651 | 61/651 (9.2%) | 6/48 (12.5%) | 55/603 (9.1%) | 0.438 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 656 | 73/656 (11.1%) | 7/49 (14.3%) | 66/607 (10.9%) | 0.477 |
Pre-ICU AKI risk factors** | |||||
Sepsis | 660 | 144/660 (21.8%) | 14/49 (28.6%) | 130/611 (21.3%) | 0.279 |
Hypovolemia | 657 | 179/657 (27.1%) | 23/49 (46.9%) | 156/608 (25.7%) | 0.002 |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 660 | 86/660 (13.0%) | 6/49 (12.2%) | 80/611 (13.1%) | > 0.999 |
Massive transfusion | 660 | 16/660 (2.4%) | 4/49 (8.2%) | 12/611 (2.0%) | 0.025 |
Acute liver failure | 660 | 10/660 (1.5%) | 3/49 (6.1%) | 7/611 (1.1%) | 0.032 |
Cardiogenic shock | 660 | 19/660 (2.9%) | 7/49 (14.3%) | 12/611 (2.0%) | < 0.001 |
Radiocontrast | 657 | 189/657 (28.6%) | 14/48 (29.2%) | 175/609 (28.7%) | > 0.999 |
Diuretics | 639 | 190/639 (28.8%) | 17/47 (36.25%) | 173/592 (29.2%) | 0.323 |
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker | 645 | 145/645 (22.5%) | 13/48 (27.1%) | 132/597 (22.1%) | 0.472 |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | 622 | 61/622 (9.8%) | 5/45 (11.1%) | 56/577 (9.7%) | 0.793 |
Hydroxyethyl starch | 645 | 78/645 (12.1%) | 17/49 (34.7%) | 61/596 (10.2%) | < 0.001 |
Peptidoglycan antibiotic | 659 | 28/659 (4.2%) | 5/49 (10.2%) | 23/610 (3.8%) | 0.049 |
Emergency admission | 660 | 635/660 (96.2%) | 44/49 (89.8%) | 591/611 (96.7%) | 0.031 |
Surgical admission | 660 | 191/660 (29.1%) | 22/49 (44.9%) | 170/611 (27.8%) | 0.014 |
Admitted from | |||||
Operation room or recovery | 660 | 177/660 (26.8%) | 22/49 (44.9%) | 155/611 (25.4%) | 0.004 |
Emergency department | 660 | 272/660 (41.2%) | 8/49 (16.3%) | 264/611 (43.2%) | < 0.001 |
Ward | 660 | 131/660 (19.8%) | 15/49 (30.6%) | 116/611 (19.0%) | 0.062 |
Other ICU/high-dependency unit/others | 660 | 80/660 (12.1%) | 4/49 (8.2%) | 76/611 (12.4%) | 0.497 |
SAPS II (24 h) | 660 | 38 [29–49] | 52 [37–63] | 37 [28–48] | < 0.001 |
SOFA (24 h) | 660 | 7 [4–9] | 10 [8–13] | 6 [4–9] | < 0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation during ICU stay | 660 | 462/660 (70.0%) | 43/49 (87.8%) | 419/611 (68.6%) | 0.003 |
Norepinephrine (within 24 h) | 660 | 358/660 (54.2%) | 43/49 (87.8%) | 315/611 (51.6%) | < 0.001 |