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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients

From: Urinary cell cycle arrest biomarkers and chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) to detect acute kidney injury in the critically ill: a post hoc laboratory analysis on the FINNAKI cohort

 

Data available

All patients

AKI stage 2 or 3 at 24 h (n = 49)

AKI stage 0 or 1 at 24 h (n = 611)

p value

Age (years)

660

64 [53–73]

68 [57–77]

64 [52–73]

0.038

Male sex

660

410/660 (62.1%)

35/49 (71.4%)

375/611 (61.4%)

0.172

BMI (kg/m2)

658

26.1 [23.4–29.4]

26.3 [24.4–30.9]

26.1 [23.4–29.4]

0.275

Baseline creatinine (μmol/L)

393

75 [61–95]

81 [68–107]

75 [60–93]

0.028

Baseline Cr with missing values imputed* (μmol/L)

660

82 [69–95]

90 [74–99]

81 [69–95]

0.058

Diabetes mellitus

660

139/660 (21.2%)

11/49 (22.4%)

128/611 (20.9%)

0.855

Arteriosclerosis

650

90/650 (13.6%)

10/48 (20.8%)

80/602 (13.3%)

0.189

CKD

659

41/659 (6.2%)

4/49 (8.2%)

37/610 (6.1%)

0.535

Chronic liver disease

654

20/654 (3.0%)

1/49 (2.0%)

19/605 (3.1%)

> 0.999

Hypertension

652

304/652 (46.1%)

24/49 (49.0%)

280/603 (46.4%)

0.767

Systolic heart failure

651

61/651 (9.2%)

6/48 (12.5%)

55/603 (9.1%)

0.438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

656

73/656 (11.1%)

7/49 (14.3%)

66/607 (10.9%)

0.477

Pre-ICU AKI risk factors**

 Sepsis

660

144/660 (21.8%)

14/49 (28.6%)

130/611 (21.3%)

0.279

 Hypovolemia

657

179/657 (27.1%)

23/49 (46.9%)

156/608 (25.7%)

0.002

 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

660

86/660 (13.0%)

6/49 (12.2%)

80/611 (13.1%)

> 0.999

 Massive transfusion

660

16/660 (2.4%)

4/49 (8.2%)

12/611 (2.0%)

0.025

 Acute liver failure

660

10/660 (1.5%)

3/49 (6.1%)

7/611 (1.1%)

0.032

 Cardiogenic shock

660

19/660 (2.9%)

7/49 (14.3%)

12/611 (2.0%)

< 0.001

 Radiocontrast

657

189/657 (28.6%)

14/48 (29.2%)

175/609 (28.7%)

> 0.999

 Diuretics

639

190/639 (28.8%)

17/47 (36.25%)

173/592 (29.2%)

0.323

 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker

645

145/645 (22.5%)

13/48 (27.1%)

132/597 (22.1%)

0.472

 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

622

61/622 (9.8%)

5/45 (11.1%)

56/577 (9.7%)

0.793

 Hydroxyethyl starch

645

78/645 (12.1%)

17/49 (34.7%)

61/596 (10.2%)

< 0.001

 Peptidoglycan antibiotic

659

28/659 (4.2%)

5/49 (10.2%)

23/610 (3.8%)

0.049

 Emergency admission

660

635/660 (96.2%)

44/49 (89.8%)

591/611 (96.7%)

0.031

 Surgical admission

660

191/660 (29.1%)

22/49 (44.9%)

170/611 (27.8%)

0.014

Admitted from

 Operation room or recovery

660

177/660 (26.8%)

22/49 (44.9%)

155/611 (25.4%)

0.004

 Emergency department

660

272/660 (41.2%)

8/49 (16.3%)

264/611 (43.2%)

< 0.001

 Ward

660

131/660 (19.8%)

15/49 (30.6%)

116/611 (19.0%)

0.062

 Other ICU/high-dependency unit/others

660

80/660 (12.1%)

4/49 (8.2%)

76/611 (12.4%)

0.497

 SAPS II (24 h)

660

38 [29–49]

52 [37–63]

37 [28–48]

< 0.001

 SOFA (24 h)

660

7 [4–9]

10 [8–13]

6 [4–9]

< 0.001

 Mechanical ventilation during ICU stay

660

462/660 (70.0%)

43/49 (87.8%)

419/611 (68.6%)

0.003

 Norepinephrine (within 24 h)

660

358/660 (54.2%)

43/49 (87.8%)

315/611 (51.6%)

< 0.001

  1. *MDRD equation assuming GRF ≥ 75 mL/min/1.73 m2. Imputed for 16 patients with endpoint+ and 251 with endpoint−
  2. **Pre-ICU AKI risk factors if present in 48 h preceding ICU admission