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Table 2 Association between baseline characteristics of patients and the presence of EFL at ICU admission according to logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders

From: Expiratory flow limitation in intensive care: prevalence and risk factors

Variables

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Crude odds ratio

95% CI

p value

Adjusted odds ratio

95% CI

p value

BMI (ref: < 30 kg/m2)

 ≥ 30 kg/m2

7.0

2.8–17.3

< 0.0001

3.6

1.0–12.6

0.049

mMRC (ref: < 3)

 ≥ 3

19.7

7.3–52.8

< 0.0001

8.0

2.3–27.1

0.001

COPD (ref: absence)

 Presence

8.8

3.4–22.6

< 0.0001

4.6

1.4–15.3

0.008

Heart disease (ref: absence)

 Presence

3.7

1.6–8.3

0.002

1.6

0.5–5.0

0.418

CKD (ref: absence)

 Presence

3.1

1.2–8.2

0.021

1.7

0.4–6.7

0.470

SOFA score (ref: < 7)

 ≥ 6

3.0

1.2–7.3

0.016

3.6

1.1–12.0

0.036

OSAS (ref: absence)

 Presence

3.3

0.7–15.4

0.134

   

Age (ref: < 70)

 ≥ 70

0.9

0.5–2.1

0.968

   

Smoking history (ref: non-smoker)

 Actual smoker

1.8

0.7–4.6

0.203

   

 Past smoker

0.9

0.3–2.4

0.834

   

SAPS II (ref: < 41)

 ≥ 42

1.7

0.7–3.7

0.188

   
  1. BMI body mass index, mMRC modified Medical Research Council scale for dyspnoea, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, OSAS obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score