Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
First author, year | Total number of patients | Setting | Type of balanced crystalloid | Mortality: follow-up period in days | RRT: follow-up period in days | AKI classification (follow-up period in days) | Cumulative volume of fluids in litres, mean ± SD, median (IQR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICU-based studies | |||||||
 Young, 2014 [5] | 65 | ED and ICU | Plasma-Lyte A | 30 | – | AKIN (5) | -NS, 9.0 ± 5.5 -Balanced, 10.3 ± 6.5 |
 Young, 2015 [6] | 2278 | ICU | Plasma-Lyte | In hospital | 90 | KDIGO ≥ II (90) | -NS, 2.0 (1.0–3.3) -Balanced, 2.0 (1.0–3.5) |
 Verma, 2016 [8] | 70 | ICU | Plasma-Lyte | In hospital | In hospital | RIFLE Injury and Failure (4) | -NS, 3.4 (1.2–5.8) -Balanced, 2.9 (1.6–5.6) |
 Ratanarat, 2017 [27] | 181 | ICU | Sterofundin | – | – | KDIGO (7) | -NS, 11.2 -Balanced, 11.2 |
 Semler, 2017 [11] | 974 | ICU | LR or Plasma-Lyte A | 60 | 28 | KDIGO ≥ II (30) | -NS, 1.4 (0.5–3.4) -Balanced, 1.6 (0.5–3.6) |
 Semler, 2018 [15] | 15,802 | ICU | LR or Plasma-Lyte A | 60 | 28 | KDIGO ≥ II (after enrolment) | -NS, 1.02 (0–3.5) -Balanced, 1 (0–3.21) |
Included ED-based studies | |||||||
 Van Zyl, 2012 [7] | 51 | ED | LR | In hospital | – | – | Not stated |
 Young, 2014 [5] | 65 | ED and ICU | Plasma-Lyte A | 30 | – | AKIN (5) | -NS, 9.0 ± 5.5 -Balanced, 10.3 ± 6.5 |
 Self, 2018 [16] | 13,347 | ED | LR or Plasma-Lyte A | In hospital | 30 | KDIGO ≥ II (30) | -NS, 1.07 (1–2) -Balanced, 1.08 (1–2) |
 Choosakul, 2018 [28] | 47 | ED | LR | In hospital | – | – | -NS, 5.4 ± 0.8 -Balanced, 4.9 ± 1.3 |