Table 1 Selected characteristics of the included studies
No. | Authors/year | Sample size | Age (months) | Settings or time point of measure | VE | Golden index (responders) | Tool measuring golden index | Tool measuring â–³VPeak | Tide volume (ml/kg) | PEEP (cmH2O) | Vasoactive drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Durand 2008 | 26 | M = 28.5 | ICU | 20 ml /kg/6%HES or saline 15–30 min | △SV > 15% | TTE | TTE | 7.4 | 4 | Yes |
2 | Choi 2010 | 21 | A = 30 | VSD repair, 1 h after arriving at ICU | 10 ml/ kg/6%HES over 20 min | △SV > 15% | TTE | TTE | 10 | 0 | Yes |
3 | Renner 2011 | 27 | A = 17 | Before cardiac surgery begin | 10 ml/ kg/6%HES | △SVI > 15% | TOE | TOE | 10 | 3–5 | Yes |
4 | Pereira 2011 | 30 | A = 112 | Before neurosurgery incision | 20 ml /kg/saline over 15 min | △VTI > 15% | TTE | TTE | 10 | 0–2 | Yes |
5 | Byon 2013 | 33 | A = 72.1 | Stable during neurosurgery | 10 ml/ kg/6%HES 10 min | △SVI > 10% | TTE | TTE | 10 | 0 | UC |
6 | Lee 2014 | 26 | A = 28 | VSD repair, 30 min after arriving at ICU | 10 ml/ kg/6%HES 20 min | △SV > 15% | TTE | TTE | 10 | 5 | Yes |
7 | Lee 2015 | 29 | A = 13.7 | Once sternum closed after VSD repair | 10 ml/ kg/6%HES 10 min | △SVI > 15% | TOE | TOE | 10 | UC | Yes |
8 | Krishna 2016 | 42 | A = 76 | General endotracheal anesthesia | 10 ml/ kg/1%DRL 5-10 min | △SVI ≥ 15% | TTE | TTE | 10 | 0 | UC |
9 | Favia 2017 | 16 | A = 24.2 | Sternal closure in cardiac surgery | 10 ml /kg/crystalloid or blood products | △CI > 10% | MostCare™ | TOE | 8–10 | 0–10 | No |
10 | Lee 2017 | 30 | A = 19.2 | After cardiac surgery end before entering ICU | 10 ml/ kg/6%HES 20 min | △SVI > 15% | TOE | TOE | 10 | UC | Yes |
11 | Morparia 2018 | 22 | A==69.8 | Neurosurgery | 10 ml/ kg/crystalloid | △SV > 15% | TTE | TTE | 8–10 | 0–4 | sNO |