Table 1 Baseline characteristics comparing mechanically ventilated participants with ARDS at mechanical ventilation onset, those of developed ARDS after mechanical ventilation onset, and those who never developed ARDS
Characteristic | Overall | ARDS at mechanical ventilation onset | ARDS after mechanical ventilation onset | No ARDS | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants, n (%) | 1657 (100.0) | 334 (20.2) | 180 (10.9) | 1143 (69.0) | Â |
Being male, n (%) | 907 (54.7) | 191 (57.2) | 92 (51.1) | 624 (54.6) | 0.41 |
Age in years, mean (SD) | 60.0 (18.9) | 58.3 (19.4) | 59.1 (20.6) | 60.7 (18.4) | 0.10 |
Body mass index in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 26.7 (5.3) | 27.0 (5.4) | 27.7 (5.6) | 26.5 (5.2) | 0.02 |
Height in centimeters, mean (SD) | 161.6 (8.8) | 161.3 (8.3) | 161.5 (9.5) | 161.8 (8.8) | 0.68 |
Difference between actual and predicted body weight in kg, mean (SD) | 13.7 (14.0) | 14.2 (14.3) | 16.1 (15.0) | 13.2 (13.8) | 0.04 |
Severity scores at the initiation of mechanical ventilation, mean (SD) | |||||
 APACHE III | 82.7 (28.1) | 85.9 (28.6) | 82.5 (28.9) | 81.8 (27.7) | 0.07 |
 SOFA | 9.5 (3.5) | 10.1 (3.3) | 9.3 (3.6) | 9.3 (3.5) | < 0.01 |
 SAPS II | 54.4 (15.6) | 56.0 (16.5) | 55.4 (16.0) | 53.7 (15.3) | 0.04 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
 HIV | 29 (1.8) | 14 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (1.3) | < 0.01 |
 Tuberculosis | 95 (5.7) | 19 (5.7) | 10 (5.6) | 66 (5.8) | 0.99 |
 Leukemia | 15 (0.9) | 6 (1.8) | 2 (1.1) | 7 (0.6) | 0.12 |
 Malignant tumor | 122 (7.4) | 19 (5.9) | 11 (6.2) | 52 (4.9) | 0.75 |
 Dialysis | 122 (7.4) | 16 (4.8) | 11 (6.1) | 95 (8.3) | 0.07 |
 COPD | 32 (1.9) | 7 (2.2) | 4 (2.3) | 21 (1.8) | 0.93 |
 Cirrhosis | 63 (3.8) | 17 (5.2) | 8 (4.5) | 38 (3.3) | 0.15 |
 Chronic renal disease | 251 (15.2) | 43 (13.3) | 21 (11.8) | 187 (16.2) | 0.43 |
 Diabetes | 254 (15.4) | 39 (12.0) | 25 (15.4) | 190 (16.5) | 0.15 |
 Congestive heart failure | 153 (9.3) | 18 (5.6) | 17 (9.6) | 118 (10.3) | 0.01 |
Vasopressor use first 24 h, n (%) | 1002 (60.5) | 1002 (60.5) | 104 (57.8) | 688 (60.2) | 0.49 |
Fluid balance first 24 h, mL (SD) | 4474 (2607) | 4160 (2192) | 4170 (2345) | 4515 (2744) | < 0.01 |
Admission service, n (%) | |||||
 Medicine | 1196 (72.3%) | 240 (73.8%) | 125 (70.2%) | 831 (72.1%) | 0.86 |
 Trauma | 177 (10.7%) | 25 (7.7%) | 19 (10.7%) | 133 (11.5%) | 0.23 |
 Scheduled surgery | 58 (3.5%) | 14 (4.3%) | 3 (1.7%) | 41 (3.6%) | 0.81 |
 Unscheduled surgery | 178 (10.8%) | 33 (10.1%) | 28 (15.7%) | 117 (10.2%) | 0.75 |
 Other | 46 (2.8%) | 13 (4%) | 3 (1.7%) | 30 (2.6%) | 0.58 |