Variables | EL group (n = 738) | LL group (n = 1904) | p value | SMD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 67 (53–78) | 68 (54–79) | 0.266 | 0.051 |
Male, n (%) | 424/738 (57.5) | 1020/1904 (53.6) | 0.079 | 0.078 |
Weight (kg) | 83.1 (67.1–94) | 79.9 (66–95) | 0.836 | 0.032 |
Admission type, n (%) | 0.328 | 0.064 | ||
Emergency | 631/738 (85.5) | 1666/1904 (87.5) | ||
Surgical elective | 84/738 (11.4) | 180/1904 (9.4) | ||
Surgical urgency | 23/738 (3.1) | 58/1904 (3) | ||
Admission period, n (%) | 0.737 | 0.016 | ||
Before 2008 | 437/738 (59.2) | 1112/1904 (58/4) | ||
2008–2012 | 301/738 (40.8) | 792/1904 (41.6) | ||
Race, n (%) | 0.873 | 0.048 | ||
White | 523/738 (70.9) | 1315/1904 (69) | ||
Asian | 18/738 (2.4) | 47/1904 (2.5) | ||
Black | 56/738 (7.6) | 149/1904 (7.8) | ||
Hispanic | 24/738 (3.2) | 71/1904 (3.7) | ||
Other | 117/738 (15.8) | 322/1904 (16.9) | ||
Severity of illness | ||||
SOFA score | 7.8 (3.6) | 7 (3.6) | 0.002 | 0.136 |
qSOFA score | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–2) | 0.669 | 0.030 |
SAPS II score | 47.7 (15) | 47.2 (14.6) | 0.454 | 0.033 |
OASIS score | 38.6 (8.27) | 38.4 (8.43) | 0.618 | 0.022 |
Elixhauser comorbidity score | 11.4 (8.61) | 11.5 (8.68) | 0.949 | 0.003 |
Interventions, n (%) | ||||
RRT use (1st 24 h) | 40/738 (5.4) | 111/1904 (5.8) | 0.754 | 0.018 |
Mechanical ventilation use (1st 24h) | 591/738 (80.1) | 1410/1904 (74.1) | 0.001 | 0.144 |
Vasopressor use (1st 24 h) | 460/738 (62.3) | 1099/1904 (57.7) | 0.034 | 0.094 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
CHF | 239/738 (32.4) | 634/1904 (33.3) | 0.688 | 0.019 |
AFIB | 296/738 (40.1) | 823/1904 (43.2) | 0.158 | 0.063 |
Chronic renal disease | 111/738 (15) | 365/1904 (15) | 0.999 | 0.009 |
Liver disease | 153/738 (20.7) | 286/1904 (22.5) | 0.342 | 0.001 |
COPD | 139/738 (18.8) | 429/1904 (19.2) | 0.887 | 0.044 |
Stroke | 15/738 (2) | 51/1904 (2.7) | 0.415 | 0.043 |
Malignancy | 90/738 (12.2) | 217/1904 (11.4) | 0.612 | 0.025 |
Septic shock, n (%) | 483/738 (65.4) | 1167/1904 (61.3) | 0.053 | 0.086 |
Site of infection, n (%) | ||||
Respiratory | 344/738 (46.6) | 740/1904 (38.9) | < 0.001 | 0.157 |
Urinary | 150/738 (20.3) | 467/1904 (24.5) | 0.025 | 0.101 |
Gastrointestinal | 83/738 (11.2) | 182/1904 (9.6) | 0.221 | 0.055 |
Other* | 161/738 (21.8) | 515/1904 (27) | 0.007 | 0.122 |
Positive blood cultures, n (%) | 242/738 (32.8) | 595/1904 (31.2) | 0.473 | 0.033 |
Vital signs | ||||
MAP (mmHg) | 76.2 (9.6) | 75.7 (10.2) | 0.190 | 0.056 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 94.8 (17) | 93.5 (17.2) | 0.084 | 0.075 |
Temperature (°C) | 36.9 (0.8) | 36.9 (0.8) | 0.655 | 0.020 |
Respiratory rate (bpm) | 20.3 (4.8) | 20.3 (4.64) | 0.988 | 0.001 |
Initial lactate level (mmol/L) | 3.6 (2.7–5.2) | 3.1 (2.5–4.4) | < 0.001 | 0.261 |