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Table 1 Demographic data and comparisons between the early lactate group and the late lactate group before matching

From: Early lactate measurement is associated with better outcomes in septic patients with an elevated serum lactate level

Variables

EL group (n = 738)

LL group (n = 1904)

p value

SMD

Age (years)

67 (53–78)

68 (54–79)

0.266

0.051

Male, n (%)

424/738 (57.5)

1020/1904 (53.6)

0.079

0.078

Weight (kg)

83.1 (67.1–94)

79.9 (66–95)

0.836

0.032

Admission type, n (%)

0.328

0.064

 Emergency

631/738 (85.5)

1666/1904 (87.5)

  

 Surgical elective

84/738 (11.4)

180/1904 (9.4)

  

 Surgical urgency

23/738 (3.1)

58/1904 (3)

  

Admission period, n (%)

  

0.737

0.016

 Before 2008

437/738 (59.2)

1112/1904 (58/4)

  

 2008–2012

301/738 (40.8)

792/1904 (41.6)

  

Race, n (%)

0.873

0.048

 White

523/738 (70.9)

1315/1904 (69)

  

 Asian

18/738 (2.4)

47/1904 (2.5)

  

 Black

56/738 (7.6)

149/1904 (7.8)

  

 Hispanic

24/738 (3.2)

71/1904 (3.7)

  

 Other

117/738 (15.8)

322/1904 (16.9)

  

Severity of illness

 SOFA score

7.8 (3.6)

7 (3.6)

0.002

0.136

 qSOFA score

2 (2–2)

2 (2–2)

0.669

0.030

 SAPS II score

47.7 (15)

47.2 (14.6)

0.454

0.033

 OASIS score

38.6 (8.27)

38.4 (8.43)

0.618

0.022

Elixhauser comorbidity score

11.4 (8.61)

11.5 (8.68)

0.949

0.003

Interventions, n (%)

 RRT use (1st 24 h)

40/738 (5.4)

111/1904 (5.8)

0.754

0.018

 Mechanical ventilation use (1st 24h)

591/738 (80.1)

1410/1904 (74.1)

0.001

0.144

 Vasopressor use (1st 24 h)

460/738 (62.3)

1099/1904 (57.7)

0.034

0.094

Comorbidities, n (%)

 CHF

239/738 (32.4)

634/1904 (33.3)

0.688

0.019

 AFIB

296/738 (40.1)

823/1904 (43.2)

0.158

0.063

 Chronic renal disease

111/738 (15)

365/1904 (15)

0.999

0.009

 Liver disease

153/738 (20.7)

286/1904 (22.5)

0.342

0.001

 COPD

139/738 (18.8)

429/1904 (19.2)

0.887

0.044

 Stroke

15/738 (2)

51/1904 (2.7)

0.415

0.043

 Malignancy

90/738 (12.2)

217/1904 (11.4)

0.612

0.025

Septic shock, n (%)

483/738 (65.4)

1167/1904 (61.3)

0.053

0.086

Site of infection, n (%)

 Respiratory

344/738 (46.6)

740/1904 (38.9)

< 0.001

0.157

 Urinary

150/738 (20.3)

467/1904 (24.5)

0.025

0.101

 Gastrointestinal

83/738 (11.2)

182/1904 (9.6)

0.221

0.055

 Other*

161/738 (21.8)

515/1904 (27)

0.007

0.122

Positive blood cultures, n (%)

242/738 (32.8)

595/1904 (31.2)

0.473

0.033

Vital signs

 MAP (mmHg)

76.2 (9.6)

75.7 (10.2)

0.190

0.056

 Heart rate (bpm)

94.8 (17)

93.5 (17.2)

0.084

0.075

 Temperature (°C)

36.9 (0.8)

36.9 (0.8)

0.655

0.020

 Respiratory rate (bpm)

20.3 (4.8)

20.3 (4.64)

0.988

0.001

Initial lactate level (mmol/L)

3.6 (2.7–5.2)

3.1 (2.5–4.4)

< 0.001

0.261

  1. SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, qSOFA quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, OASIS Overall Anxiety Severity And Impairment Scale, RRT renal replacement therapy, CHF congestive heart failure, AFIB atrial fibrillation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, MAP mean arterial pressure
  2. *Other site of infection included central nervous system, skin, soft tissue, and unknown