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Table 1 Patient characteristics at admission

From: Effect of tranexamic acid on mortality in patients with haemoptysis: a nationwide study

Variables

Unmatched

Matched

Control (n = 11,490)

Tranexamic acid (n = 17,049)

Standardised difference (%)

Control (n = 9933)

Tranexamic acid (n = 9933)

Standardised difference (%)

Age, years

72 ± 14

71 ± 14

10

72 ± 14

72 ± 13

3

Male

7395 (64.4%)

9866 (57.9%)

13

6237 (62.8%)

6285 (63.3%)

1

Smoking history

 Non-smoker

5360 (46.6%)

8167 (47.9%)

3

4671 (47.0%)

4653 (46.8%)

0

 Current/past smoker

4758 (41.4%)

7054 (41.4%)

0

4115 (41.4%)

4094 (41.2%)

0

 Missing data

1372 (11.9%)

1828 (10.7%)

4

1147 (11.5%)

1186 (11.9%)

1

Body mass index, kg/m2

 < 18.50

3065 (26.7%)

4720 (27.7%)

2

2682 (27.0%)

2716 (27.3%)

1

 18.50–24.99

5843 (50.9%)

8627 (50.6%)

1

5072 (51.1%)

5022 (50.6%)

1

 25.00–29.99

1176 (10.2%)

1495 (8.8%)

5

962 (9.7%)

986 (9.9%)

1

 ≥ 30.00

221 (1.9%)

264 (1.5%)

3

176 (1.8%)

188 (1.9%)

1

 Missing data

1185 (10.3%)

1943 (11.4%)

4

1041 (10.5%)

1021 (10.3%)

1

Japan Coma Scale on admission

 Alert

10,265 (89.3%)

15,582 (91.4%)

7

8948 (90.1%)

8892 (89.5%)

2

 Dizziness

883 (7.7%)

1069 (6.3%)

6

705 (7.1%)

752 (7.6%)

2

 Somnolence

155 (1.3%)

186 (1.1%)

2

126 (1.3%)

138 (1.4%)

1

 Coma

187 (1.6%)

212 (1.2%)

3

154 (1.6%)

151 (1.5%)

0

Charlson comorbidity index

 0

4597 (40.0%)

7510 (44.0%)

8

4107 (41.3%)

3950 (39.8%)

3

 1

3528 (30.7%)

5414 (31.8%)

2

3070 (30.9%)

3062 (30.8%)

0

 2

1784 (15.5%)

2244 (13.2%)

7

1463 (14.7%)

1560 (15.7%)

3

 3

690 (6.0%)

843 (4.9%)

5

552 (5.6%)

594 (6.0%)

2

 ≥ 4

891 (7.8%)

1038 (6.1%)

7

741 (7.5%)

767 (7.7%)

1

Comorbidity of atrial fibrillation

687 (6.0%)

665 (3.9%)

10

509 (5.1%)

530 (5.3%)

1

Comorbidity of venous thromboembolism

96 (0.8%)

102 (0.6%)

3

74 (0.7%)

88 (0.9%)

2

Comorbidity of chronic kidney disease

400 (3.5%)

333 (2.0%)

9

263 (2.6%)

284 (2.9%)

1

Ambulance transportation

3941 (34.3%)

6831 (40.1%)

12

3536 (35.6%)

3508 (35.3%)

1

Teaching hospital

8977 (78.1%)

14,822 (86.9%)

23

8239 (82.9%)

8073 (81.3%)

4

Intensive care unit admission

509 (4.4%)

789 (4.6%)

1

448 (4.5%)

461 (4.6%)

1

Aetiologies of haemoptysis

 Cryptogenic

3912 (34.0%)

5956 (34.9%)

2

3450 (34.7%)

3363 (33.9%)

2

 Tuberculosis

543 (4.7%)

975 (5.7%)

5

490 (4.9%)

487 (4.9%)

0

 Bronchopulmonary carcinoma

2181 (19.0%)

2511 (14.7%)

11

1771 (17.8%)

1851 (18.6%)

2

 Cystic fibrosis/bronchial dilatation

1578 (13.7%)

3939 (23.1%)

24

1540 (15.5%)

1415 (14.2%)

4

 Respiratory infection

4495 (39.1%)

5614 (32.9%)

13

3715 (37.4%)

3892 (39.2%)

4

 Aspergillosis

479 (4.2%)

919 (5.4%)

6

453 (4.6%)

418 (4.2%)

2

 Others

274 (2.4%)

283 (1.7%)

5

212 (2.1%)

235 (2.4%)

2

Examinations on the day of admission

 Acid-fast bacilli culture

4534 (39.5%)

9013 (52.9%)

27

4359 (43.9%)

4071 (41.0%)

6

 Bronchoscopy

372 (3.2%)

1182 (6.9%)

17

368 (3.7%)

317 (3.2%)

3

 Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy

368 (3.2%)

729 (4.3%)

6

353 (3.6%)

333 (3.4%)

1

Computed tomography

7008 (61.0%)

13,152 (77.1%)

36

6775 (68.2%)

6484 (65.3%)

6

Treatments on the day of admission

 Therapeutic embolisation

327 (2.8%)

893 (5.2%)

12

319 (3.2%)

294 (3.0%)

2

 Dopamine use

101 (0.9%)

183 (1.1%)

2

95 (1.0%)

96 (1.0%)

0

 Adrenaline use

123 (1.1%)

370 (2.2%)

9

123 (1.2%)

100 (1.0%)

2

 Noradrenaline use

94 (0.8%)

112 (0.7%)

2

71 (0.7%)

79 (0.8%)

1

 Transfusion

425 (3.7%)

637 (3.7%)

0

370 (3.7%)

380 (3.8%)

1

 Oxygenation

3634 (31.6%)

6684 (39.2%)

16

3405 (34.3%)

3311 (33.3%)

2

 Mechanical ventilation

414 (3.6%)

651 (3.8%)

1

367 (3.7%)

376 (3.8%)

1

 Renal replacement therapy

83 (0.7%)

55 (0.3%)

6

44 (0.4%)

51 (0.5%)

1

  1. Categorical variables are expressed as the number (%), and continuous variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The total number of aetiologies does not add up to 100%, as more than one cause could be assigned to a single patient