From: Effect of tranexamic acid on mortality in patients with haemoptysis: a nationwide study
Variables | Unmatched | Matched | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 11,490) | Tranexamic acid (n = 17,049) | Standardised difference (%) | Control (n = 9933) | Tranexamic acid (n = 9933) | Standardised difference (%) | |
Age, years | 72 ± 14 | 71 ± 14 | 10 | 72 ± 14 | 72 ± 13 | 3 |
Male | 7395 (64.4%) | 9866 (57.9%) | 13 | 6237 (62.8%) | 6285 (63.3%) | 1 |
Smoking history | ||||||
Non-smoker | 5360 (46.6%) | 8167 (47.9%) | 3 | 4671 (47.0%) | 4653 (46.8%) | 0 |
Current/past smoker | 4758 (41.4%) | 7054 (41.4%) | 0 | 4115 (41.4%) | 4094 (41.2%) | 0 |
Missing data | 1372 (11.9%) | 1828 (10.7%) | 4 | 1147 (11.5%) | 1186 (11.9%) | 1 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||
< 18.50 | 3065 (26.7%) | 4720 (27.7%) | 2 | 2682 (27.0%) | 2716 (27.3%) | 1 |
18.50–24.99 | 5843 (50.9%) | 8627 (50.6%) | 1 | 5072 (51.1%) | 5022 (50.6%) | 1 |
25.00–29.99 | 1176 (10.2%) | 1495 (8.8%) | 5 | 962 (9.7%) | 986 (9.9%) | 1 |
≥ 30.00 | 221 (1.9%) | 264 (1.5%) | 3 | 176 (1.8%) | 188 (1.9%) | 1 |
Missing data | 1185 (10.3%) | 1943 (11.4%) | 4 | 1041 (10.5%) | 1021 (10.3%) | 1 |
Japan Coma Scale on admission | ||||||
Alert | 10,265 (89.3%) | 15,582 (91.4%) | 7 | 8948 (90.1%) | 8892 (89.5%) | 2 |
Dizziness | 883 (7.7%) | 1069 (6.3%) | 6 | 705 (7.1%) | 752 (7.6%) | 2 |
Somnolence | 155 (1.3%) | 186 (1.1%) | 2 | 126 (1.3%) | 138 (1.4%) | 1 |
Coma | 187 (1.6%) | 212 (1.2%) | 3 | 154 (1.6%) | 151 (1.5%) | 0 |
Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||
0 | 4597 (40.0%) | 7510 (44.0%) | 8 | 4107 (41.3%) | 3950 (39.8%) | 3 |
1 | 3528 (30.7%) | 5414 (31.8%) | 2 | 3070 (30.9%) | 3062 (30.8%) | 0 |
2 | 1784 (15.5%) | 2244 (13.2%) | 7 | 1463 (14.7%) | 1560 (15.7%) | 3 |
3 | 690 (6.0%) | 843 (4.9%) | 5 | 552 (5.6%) | 594 (6.0%) | 2 |
≥ 4 | 891 (7.8%) | 1038 (6.1%) | 7 | 741 (7.5%) | 767 (7.7%) | 1 |
Comorbidity of atrial fibrillation | 687 (6.0%) | 665 (3.9%) | 10 | 509 (5.1%) | 530 (5.3%) | 1 |
Comorbidity of venous thromboembolism | 96 (0.8%) | 102 (0.6%) | 3 | 74 (0.7%) | 88 (0.9%) | 2 |
Comorbidity of chronic kidney disease | 400 (3.5%) | 333 (2.0%) | 9 | 263 (2.6%) | 284 (2.9%) | 1 |
Ambulance transportation | 3941 (34.3%) | 6831 (40.1%) | 12 | 3536 (35.6%) | 3508 (35.3%) | 1 |
Teaching hospital | 8977 (78.1%) | 14,822 (86.9%) | 23 | 8239 (82.9%) | 8073 (81.3%) | 4 |
Intensive care unit admission | 509 (4.4%) | 789 (4.6%) | 1 | 448 (4.5%) | 461 (4.6%) | 1 |
Aetiologies of haemoptysis | ||||||
Cryptogenic | 3912 (34.0%) | 5956 (34.9%) | 2 | 3450 (34.7%) | 3363 (33.9%) | 2 |
Tuberculosis | 543 (4.7%) | 975 (5.7%) | 5 | 490 (4.9%) | 487 (4.9%) | 0 |
Bronchopulmonary carcinoma | 2181 (19.0%) | 2511 (14.7%) | 11 | 1771 (17.8%) | 1851 (18.6%) | 2 |
Cystic fibrosis/bronchial dilatation | 1578 (13.7%) | 3939 (23.1%) | 24 | 1540 (15.5%) | 1415 (14.2%) | 4 |
Respiratory infection | 4495 (39.1%) | 5614 (32.9%) | 13 | 3715 (37.4%) | 3892 (39.2%) | 4 |
Aspergillosis | 479 (4.2%) | 919 (5.4%) | 6 | 453 (4.6%) | 418 (4.2%) | 2 |
Others | 274 (2.4%) | 283 (1.7%) | 5 | 212 (2.1%) | 235 (2.4%) | 2 |
Examinations on the day of admission | ||||||
Acid-fast bacilli culture | 4534 (39.5%) | 9013 (52.9%) | 27 | 4359 (43.9%) | 4071 (41.0%) | 6 |
Bronchoscopy | 372 (3.2%) | 1182 (6.9%) | 17 | 368 (3.7%) | 317 (3.2%) | 3 |
Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy | 368 (3.2%) | 729 (4.3%) | 6 | 353 (3.6%) | 333 (3.4%) | 1 |
Computed tomography | 7008 (61.0%) | 13,152 (77.1%) | 36 | 6775 (68.2%) | 6484 (65.3%) | 6 |
Treatments on the day of admission | ||||||
Therapeutic embolisation | 327 (2.8%) | 893 (5.2%) | 12 | 319 (3.2%) | 294 (3.0%) | 2 |
Dopamine use | 101 (0.9%) | 183 (1.1%) | 2 | 95 (1.0%) | 96 (1.0%) | 0 |
Adrenaline use | 123 (1.1%) | 370 (2.2%) | 9 | 123 (1.2%) | 100 (1.0%) | 2 |
Noradrenaline use | 94 (0.8%) | 112 (0.7%) | 2 | 71 (0.7%) | 79 (0.8%) | 1 |
Transfusion | 425 (3.7%) | 637 (3.7%) | 0 | 370 (3.7%) | 380 (3.8%) | 1 |
Oxygenation | 3634 (31.6%) | 6684 (39.2%) | 16 | 3405 (34.3%) | 3311 (33.3%) | 2 |
Mechanical ventilation | 414 (3.6%) | 651 (3.8%) | 1 | 367 (3.7%) | 376 (3.8%) | 1 |
Renal replacement therapy | 83 (0.7%) | 55 (0.3%) | 6 | 44 (0.4%) | 51 (0.5%) | 1 |